Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter metric, the third law, and cosmic censorship

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayll Lake
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Censorship ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Law ◽  
De Sitter Metric

scholarly journals Can Naked Singularities Exist Without Violating The Laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Amal Pushp
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmic Censorship ◽  
Black Hole Thermodynamics ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Extremal Black Hole ◽  
Naked Singularities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Singularity ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Cosmic Censorship Conjecture

According to the cosmic censorship conjecture, it is impossible for nature to have a physical singularity without a horizon because if it were to arise in any formalism, for instance as an extremal black hole (Kerr or Reissner-Nordstrom) then the surface gravity κ = 0, which is a strict violation of the third law of black hole thermodynamics. In this paper we explore whether a true singularity can exist without defying this law.

scholarly journals Overspinning Kerr-MOG black holes by test fields and the third law of black hole dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Düztaş
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Cosmic Censorship ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Naked Singularities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Law

AbstractWe evaluate the validity of the weak form of the cosmic censorship conjecture and the third law of black hole dynamics for Kerr-MOG black holes interacting with test scalar fields. Ignoring backreaction effects, we first show that both extremal and nearly extremal Kerr-MOG black holes can be overspun into naked singularities by test fields with a frequency slightly above the superradiance limit. In addition, nearly extremal Kerr-MOG black holes can be continuously driven to extremality by test fields. Next, we employ backreaction effects based on the argument that the angular velocity of the event horizon increases before the absorption of the test field. Incorporating the backreaction effects, we derive that the weak form of the cosmic censorship and the third law are both valid for Kerr-MOG black holes with a modification parameter $$\alpha \lesssim 0.03$$α≲0.03, which includes the Kerr case with $$\alpha =0$$α=0.

scholarly journals Overcharging dilaton black holes in (2 + 1) dimensions to extremality and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2050207
Author(s):  
Koray Düztaş ◽  
Mubasher Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Cosmic Censorship ◽  
Black Hole Thermodynamics ◽  
Naked Singularities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Dilaton Black Holes ◽  
Extremal Black Holes

We test whether static charged dilaton black holes in [Formula: see text] dimensions can be turned into naked singularities by sending in test particles from infinity. We derive that overcharging is possible and generic for both extremal and nearly extremal black holes. Our analysis also implies that nearly extremal charged dilaton black holes can be continuously driven to extremality and beyond, unlike nearly extremal Ban̆ados–Teitelboim–Zanelli, Kerr and Reissner–Nordström black holes which are overspun or overcharged by a discrete jump. Thus, the weak form of the cosmic censorship conjecture and the third law of black hole thermodynamics are both violated in the interaction of charged dilaton black holes in [Formula: see text] dimensions, with test particles. We also derive that there exist no points, where the heat capacity vanishes or diverges in the transition from black holes to naked singularities. The phase transitions that could potentially prevent the formation of naked singularities do not occur.

Quantification of Biological Resistance: Introducing a Unifying Unit and Scale of Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Fullybright
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Unit Function ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Accurate quantification of biological resistance has been impossible so far. Among the various forms of biological resistance which exist in nature, pathogen resistance to drugs is a familiar one. However, as in the case of other forms of resistance, accurately quantifying drug resistance in pathogens has been impossible up to now. Here, we introduce a mathematically-defined and uniform procedure for the absolute quantification of biological resistance deployed by any living organism in the biological realm, including and beyond drug resistance in medicine. The scheme introduced makes possible the exact measurement or computation of the extent to which resistance is deployed by any living organism regardless of kingdom and regardless of the mechanism of resistance involved. Furthermore, the Second Law of Resistance indicating that resistance has the potential to increase to infinite levels, and the Third Law of Resistance indicating that resistance comes to an end once interaction stops, the resistance unit function introduced here is fully compatible with both the Second and Third Laws of Resistance.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sherwood ◽  
Paul Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Zero ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Third Law ◽  
The Absolute

The Third Law was introduced in Chapter 9; this chapter develops the Third Law more fully, introducing absolute entropies, and examining how adiabatic demagnetisation can be used to approach the absolute zero of temperature.

scholarly journals The third way to 3D gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bergshoeff ◽  
Wout Merbis ◽  
Alasdair J. Routh ◽  
Paul K. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Massive Gravity ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Gravitational Field Equation ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Conservation Condition ◽  
3D Gravity

Consistency of Einstein’s gravitational field equation [Formula: see text] imposes a “conservation condition” on the [Formula: see text]-tensor that is satisfied by (i) matter stress tensors, as a consequence of the matter equations of motion and (ii) identically by certain other tensors, such as the metric tensor. However, there is a third way, overlooked until now because it implies a “nongeometrical” action: one not constructed from the metric and its derivatives alone. The new possibility is exemplified by the 3D “minimal massive gravity” model, which resolves the “bulk versus boundary” unitarity problem of topologically massive gravity with Anti-de Sitter asymptotics. Although all known examples of the third way are in three spacetime dimensions, the idea is general and could, in principle, apply to higher dimensional theories.

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