scholarly journals Transition in the spectral gap of the massless overlap Dirac operator coupled to Abelian fields in three dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamani Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Abelian Fields

scholarly journals Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afkhami-Jeddi ◽  
Henry Cohn ◽  
Thomas Hartman ◽  
Amirhossein Tajdini
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Central Charge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Holographic Duality

Abstract We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with U(1)c×U(1)c symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge c, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.

scholarly journals Degeneracy of zero modes of the Dirac operator in three dimensions

2000 ◽  
Vol 485 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Adam ◽  
B Muratori ◽  
C Nash
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Zero Modes

scholarly journals Zero modes of the Dirac operator in three dimensions

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adam ◽  
B. Muratori ◽  
C. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Zero Modes

scholarly journals Spectral theory of first-order systems: From crystals to Dirac operators

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150014
Author(s):  
Matania Ben-Artzi ◽  
Tomio Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Spectral Theory ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Unitary Groups ◽  
Decay Estimates ◽  
Homogeneous Part ◽  
Homogeneous Case ◽  
First Order ◽  
Partial Differential System ◽  
Potential Perturbation

Let [Formula: see text] be a constant coefficient first-order partial differential system, where the matrices [Formula: see text] are Hermitian. It is assumed that the homogeneous part is strongly propagative. In the non-homogeneous case it is assumed that the operator is isotropic. The spectral theory of such systems and their potential perturbations is expounded, and a Limiting Absorption Principle is obtained up to thresholds. Special attention is given to a detailed study of the Dirac and Maxwell operators. The estimates of the spectral derivative near the thresholds are based on detailed trace estimates on the slowness surfaces. Two applications of these estimates are presented: • Global spacetime estimates of the associated evolution unitary groups, that are also commonly viewed as decay estimates. In particular, the Dirac and Maxwell systems are explicitly treated. • The finiteness of the eigenvalues (in the spectral gap) of the perturbed Dirac operator is studied, under suitable decay assumptions on the potential perturbation.

On the spectrum of the periodic Dirac operator

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Dirac Operators ◽  
Finite Multiplicity ◽  
Infinite Multiplicity ◽  
Periodic Dirac Operator

SynopsisIn an earlier paper we considered periodic Dirac operators and obtained criteria for them to be self-adjoint and for their spectra to be devoid of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. The question of the existence of eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity was left open. In this article we obtain further criteria for self-adjointness and show that under these conditions periodic Dirac operators do not possess eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity. We also obtain a spectral gap result.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Inelastic Electron Scattering from Valence Electrons in Aluminum

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Scattering Spectrum ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Electronic Scattering

We wish to report in this paper measurements of the inelastic scattering component due to the collective excitations (plasmons) and single particlehole excitations of the valence electrons in Al. Such scattering contributes to the diffuse electronic scattering seen in electron diffraction patterns and has recently been considered of significance in weak-beam images (see Gai and Howie) . A major problem in the determination of such scattering is the proper correction for multiple scattering. We outline here a procedure which we believe suitably deals with such problems and report the observed single scattering spectrum.In principle, one can use the procedure of Misell and Jones—suitably generalized to three dimensions (qx, qy and #x2206;E)--to derive single scattering profiles. However, such a computation becomes prohibitively large if applied in a brute force fashion since the quasi-elastic scattering (and associated multiple electronic scattering) extends to much larger angles than the multiple electronic scattering on its own.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document