scholarly journals Fewer mocks and less noise: Reducing the dimensionality of cosmological observables with subspace projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver H. E. Philcox ◽  
Mikhail M. Ivanov ◽  
Matias Zaldarriaga ◽  
Marko Simonović ◽  
Marcel Schmittfull
Keyword(s):  
Subspace Projections

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary coupling indices to assess weaning readiness from mechanical ventilation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Armañac-Julián ◽  
David Hernando ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Candelaria de Haro ◽  
Rudys Magrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing Trial ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Coupling ◽  
Cardiac Pumping ◽  
Successful Weaning ◽  
Frequency Coherence ◽  
Subspace Projections

AbstractThe ideal moment to withdraw respiratory supply of patients under Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Units (ICU), is not easy to be determined for clinicians. Although the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) provides a measure of the patients’ readiness, there is still around 15–20% of predictive failure rate. This work is a proof of concept focused on adding new value to the prediction of the weaning outcome. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Cardiopulmonary Coupling (CPC) methods are evaluated as new complementary estimates to assess weaning readiness. The CPC is related to how the mechanisms regulating respiration and cardiac pumping are working simultaneously, and it is defined from HRV in combination with respiratory information. Three different techniques are used to estimate the CPC, including Time-Frequency Coherence, Dynamic Mutual Information and Orthogonal Subspace Projections. The cohort study includes 22 patients in pressure support ventilation, ready to undergo the SBT, analysed in the 24 h previous to the SBT. Of these, 13 had a successful weaning and 9 failed the SBT or needed reintubation –being both considered as failed weaning. Results illustrate that traditional variables such as heart rate, respiratory frequency, and the parameters derived from HRV do not differ in patients with successful or failed weaning. Results revealed that HRV parameters can vary considerably depending on the time at which they are measured. This fact could be attributed to circadian rhythms, having a strong influence on HRV values. On the contrary, significant statistical differences are found in the proposed CPC parameters when comparing the values of the two groups, and throughout the whole recordings. In addition, differences are greater at night, probably because patients with failed weaning might be experiencing more respiratory episodes, e.g. apneas during the night, which is directly related to a reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, results suggest that the traditional measures could be used in combination with the proposed CPC biomarkers to improve weaning readiness.

scholarly journals Automated Contamination Detection in Single-Cell Sequencing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Lux ◽  
Barbara Hammer ◽  
Alexander Sczyrba
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Automatic Clustering ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Subspace Projections ◽  
Oligonucleotide Signatures ◽  
Modern Machine

Novel methods for the sequencing of single-cell DNA offer tremendous opportunities. However, many techniques are still in their infancy and a major obstacle is given by sample contamination with foreign DNA. In this contribution, we present a pipeline that allows for fast, automated detection of contaminated samples by the use of modern machine learning methods. First, a vectorial representation of the genomic data is obtained using oligonucleotide signatures. Using non-linear subspace projections, data is transformed to be suitable for automatic clustering. This allows for the detection of one vs. more genomes (clusters) in a sample. As clustering is an ill-posed problem, the pipeline relies on a thorough choice of all involved methods and parameters. We give an overview of the problem and evaluate techniques suitable for this task.

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