Cross sections calculated for cold fusion reactions for producing superheavy nuclei

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Smolańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Fusion Reactions

Entrance Channel Dependence of Production Cross Sections of Superheavy Nuclei in Cold Fusion Reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao-Qing ◽  
Jin Gen-Ming ◽  
Fu Fen ◽  
Zhang Feng-Shou ◽  
Jia Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Entrance Channel ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Fusion Reactions

CROSS SECTIONS CALCULATED FOR COLD FUSION REACTIONS WITH EMISSION OF ONLY ONE NEUTRON FOR PRODUCING THE HEAVIEST ELEMENTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT SMOLAŃCZUK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Entrance Channel ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Coupled Channels ◽  
Dynamical Deformation ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Heaviest Elements

Entrance-channel effects in cold fusion reactions that lead to heavy and superheavy nuclei are discussed in the framework of the coupled-channels theory. Dynamical deformation besides collective excitations is taken into account in the entrance channel. Exit channel is described by using the modified statistical model that takes into account the difference between the level density in the equilibrium configuration and that in the saddle-point configuration. Comparison of the calculated fusion cross sections with experimental data is given.

COLD FUSION REACTIONS USING NEUTRON-RICH PROJECTILES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 1350061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SULAKSONO
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Evaporation Residue ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Fusion Barrier ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Evaporation Residues

This paper studies the formation cross-sections of super heavy (SH) nuclei in some cold fusion reactions of radioactive neutron-rich projectiles with double-magic 208 Pb target. In this study, the cross-sections of capture, fusion and evaporation residues in one- and two-neutron (1n and 2n) channels are calculated by using neutron-rich Fe , Ni and Zn projectiles are compared to the cross-sections calculated using stable Fe , Ni and Zn projectiles. The heights of fusion barrier and their positions in all reactions considered in this study are also compared to the heights and positions calculated using the estimation method proposed by Dutt and Puri. For cold fusion reactions with stable Fe , Ni and Zn projectiles, the heights of fusion barrier and the cross-sections of evaporation residues in 1n and 2n channels are compared to their corresponding experimental data. In general, for reactions using projectiles with the same proton number, the neutron-rich projectile is found to yield relatively-heavier mass of SH nucleus and larger evaporation residue cross-section, compared to those of the corresponding stable projectiles. However, in certain reactions, the cross-sections of neutron-rich projectile can be slightly larger or slightly smaller than that of the corresponding stable projectile. This behavior is highly affected by the charge of projectile and the fission barrier of the formed compound nucleus (CN). In addition, the 292114 is found to be the heaviest compound nucleus formed in cold fusion reaction by using neutron-rich nuclei as the projectile, but the cross-section of evaporation residue in one-neutron channel is still around few pico barns (pb).

DYNAMICAL HINDRANCE OF FUSION OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BŁOCKI ◽  
L. SHVEDOV ◽  
J. WILCZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Saddle Point ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Coulomb Barrier ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Langevin Equations ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Dissipative Forces ◽  
Fusion Probability

The dynamical hindrance of fusion after the system of two colliding nuclei overcomes the Coulomb barrier is calculated. Langevin equations, in which the stochastic white noise is added to the conservative and dissipative forces, are solved in the multidimensional space. It is shown that in case of very heavy systems the dynamical trajectories lead from the Coulomb barrier towards the fission valley at locations rather outside the saddle point and then turn downward to scission. Only due to fluctuations a small fraction of trajectories can overcome the saddle point and lead to fusion. Fusion probabilities determined by the ratio of fusion-to-scission fluxes are calculated. In cold fusion reactions induced by different projectiles on 208 Pb and 209 Bi targets, the fusion probability drops down by almost ten orders of magnitude for a range of projectiles from 48 Ca (Zcn = 102) to 86 Kr (Zcn = 118).

CALCULATIONS OF CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUPER-HEAVY NUCLEI IN COLD FUSION REACTIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. ŚWIATECKI ◽  
K. SIWEK-WILCZYŃSKA ◽  
J. WILCZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Brownian Diffusion ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Super Heavy Nuclei

The fusion cross sections are considered to be given by the product of three factors: the cross section to overcome the Coulomb barrier, the probability for the resulting system to reach the compound nucleus configuration by diffusion, and the probability for the compound nucleus to survive fission. The first and third factors are treated by more or less conventional equations, and the second by Brownian diffusion in one dimension. Adjusting one free parameter in the theory one can reproduce the twelve measured cross sections to within a factor of two.

Investigations on 54–60Fe + 238–244Pu → 296–302120 fusion reactions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
H.C. Manjunatha ◽  
L. Seenappa ◽  
N. Sowmya ◽  
K.N. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Superheavy Element ◽  
Evaporation Residue ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Compound Nucleus Formation ◽  
Evaporation Residue Cross Section ◽  
Target Combination

We have studied the 54–60Fe-induced fusion reactions to synthesize the superheavy nuclei296–302120 by studying the compound nucleus formation probability, survival probability, and evaporation residue cross-sections. The comparison of the evaporation residue cross-section for different targets reveals that the evaporation residue cross-section is larger for projectile target combination 58Fe+243Pu→301120. We have identified the most probable 58Fe-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei 296–302120. The suggested reactions may be useful to synthesize the superheavy element Z = 120.

GSI EXPERIMENTS ON SYNTHESIS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF HEAVIEST NUCLEI

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. HEßBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Decay Spectroscopy ◽  
Structure Investigations ◽  
Actinide Targets

The method of 'cold' fusion reactions has been applied successfully to synthesize isotopes of elements up to Z =113. However, the cross sections were found to decrease nearly exponential with increasing atomic number. The production of isotopes up to Z =118 using 48 Ca - projectiles and actinide targets was claimed from experiments performed at the Dubna Gasfilled Separator (DGFRS). Attempts to confirm the results from one of the used reactions (48 Ca + 238 U ) have been performed at other laboratories. The results of the different experiments are compared. In order to increase our knowledge on the structure of heaviest nuclei an experimental program on α - γ - decay spectroscopy of transfermium isotopes was started at SHIP, GSI. Results on trends in single particle levels in odd mass einsteinium isotopes as well as on the identification of a (possible) K -isomer in 252 No will be presented.

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