Internal conversion between bound states and the Pauli exclusion principle

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Karpeshin ◽  
M. B. Trzhaskovskaya ◽  
M. R. Harston ◽  
J. F. Chemin
Keyword(s):  
Bound States ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle

scholarly journals COVALENT MOLECULAR BINDING IN A SUSY BACKGROUND

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4245-4259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. CLAVELLI ◽  
SANJOY K. SARKER
Keyword(s):  
Bound States ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Diatomic Molecules ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Pauli Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Vacuum Decay ◽  
Molecular Binding ◽  
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

The Pauli exclusion principle plays an essential role in the structure of the current universe. However, in an exactly supersymmetric (susy) universe, the degeneracy of bosons and fermions plus the ability of fermions to convert in pairs to bosons implies that the effects of the Pauli principle would be largely absent. Such a universe may eventually occur through vacuum decay from our current positive vacuum energy universe to the zero vacuum energy universe of exact susy. It has been shown that in such a susy universe ionic molecular binding does exist but homonuclear diatomic molecules are left unbound. In this paper we provide a first look at covalent binding in a susy background and compare the properties of the homonuclear bound states with those of the corresponding molecules in our universe. We find that covalent binding of diatomic molecules is very strong in an exact susy universe and the interatomic distances are in general much smaller than in the broken susy universe.

scholarly journals Exclusion inside or at the border of conformal bootstrap continent

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050036
Author(s):  
Yu Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Bound States ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Conformal Field Theories ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Conformal Bootstrap ◽  
Anomalous Dimensions

How large can anomalous dimensions be in conformal field theories? What can we do to attain larger values? One attempt to obtain large anomalous dimensions efficiently is to use the Pauli exclusion principle. Certain operators constructed out of constituent fermions cannot form bound states without introducing nontrivial excitations. To assess the efficiency of this mechanism, we compare them with the numerical conformal bootstrap bound as well as with other interacting field theory examples. In two dimensions, it turns out to be the most efficient: it saturates the bound and is located at the (second) kink. In higher dimensions, it more or less saturates the bound but it may be slightly inside.

A Modification of the Projection Operator Method for Resonances

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Projection Operator ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Operator Method ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Forbidden States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Projection Operator Method

The Projection Operator Method as applied to the study of resonances is first briefly reviewed. Its shortcomings, in the context of reactions that involve forbidden states are mentioned. The forbidden states arise due to the requirement of antisymmetrization imposed by the Pauli exclusion principle, on the many body wave function. A modification that takes into account the forbidden states is suggested. The modified formalism is applied to the alpha-alpha scattering involving realistic interactions. In place of the usual practice of using oscillator wave functions, bound states are extracted from the scattering potential and are used in obtaining the results. The calculated resonance energies, widths and phase shifts, show excellent agreement with experiment. Since forbidden states should be present in almost any nucleus-nucleus interaction the procedure has a wide range of applicability. It is concluded that the modifications are necessary, if agreement with experiment is to be established.

The relation between zero-energy scattering phase-shifts, the Pauli exclusion principle and the number of composite bound states

1955 ◽  
Vol 228 (1172) ◽  
pp. 10-33 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Pauli Principle ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Energy Scattering ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
Scattering Phase

It is shown that for the interaction of systems described by integro-differential equations, such as the scattering of electrons by atoms or of nucleons by deuterons, tritons and other nuclei, that the zero-energy scattering phase-shift is ( n + m ) π, where n is the number of composite bound states of the impacted and incident particles, and m is the number of states from which the incident particle is excluded by the Pauli principle. Each of these excluded states corresponds to a solution of the integro-differential equation asymptotic to e~7 r for which the complete wave function vanishes identically, and which therefore does not represent a bound state. It is possible to predict the zero-energy phase-shift without calculation by a knowledge of the composite bound states and of the distribution and quantum numbers of the elementary particles contained in the impacted and incident systems.

Hardness and HOMO-LUMO Gap Probed by the Helium Atom Pushing the Molecular Surface of the First-Row Hydride Molecules

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Małolepsza ◽  
Lucjan Piela
Keyword(s):  
Helium Atom ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Repulsion Energy ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Probe Site ◽  
Homo Lumo

A molecular surface defined as an isosurface of the valence repulsion energy may be hard or soft with respect to probe penetration. As a probe, the helium atom has been chosen. In addition, the Pauli exclusion principle makes the electronic structure change when the probe pushes the molecule (at a fixed positions of its nuclei). This results in a HOMO-LUMO gap dependence on the probe site on the isosurface. A smaller gap at a given probe position reflects a larger reactivity of the site with respect to the ionic dissociation.

Identical Particles and Second Quantization: Occupation Number Representation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Morgenstern Horing
Keyword(s):  
Occupation Number ◽  
Annihilation Operator ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
Second Quantization ◽  
Identical Particles ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Minimum Uncertainty ◽  
Creation Operators

Focusing on systems of many identical particles, Chapter 2 introduces appropriate operators to describe their properties in terms of Schwinger’s “measurement symbols.” The latter are then factorized into “creation” and “annihilation” operators, whose fundamental properties and commutation/anticommutation relations are derived in conjunction with the Pauli exclusion principle. This leads to “second quantization” with the Hamiltonian, number, linear and angular momentum operators expressed in terms of the annihilation and creation operators, as well as the occupation number representation. Finally, the concept of coherent states, as eigenstates of the annihilation operator, having minimum uncertainty, is introduced and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons at LNGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shi ◽  
S. Bartalucci ◽  
S. Bertolucci ◽  
C. Berucci ◽  
A.M. Bragadireanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle

Thermonuclear plasma conditions in stellar interiors

1981 ◽  
Vol 300 (1456) ◽  
pp. 641-648
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Thermonuclear Reactions ◽  
Radiated Energy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Stellar Interiors ◽  
Late Stages

Thermonuclear reactions provide the main source of radiated energy for stars and they are also believed to be responsible for the production of most of the heavy elements in the Universe. The thermonuclear plasma is confined by the force of gravitation and for most of a star’s history the reactions occur slowly and steadily. In some circumstances, the properties of a star change very rapidly and explosive nuclear reactions occur. In very dense stellar interiors the energy states available to electrons may be limited by the Pauli exclusion principle. When thermonuclear reactions start in such a degenerate gas, a rise in temperature is not accompanied by a significant rise in pressure and as a result there may be a runaway increase in reaction rate. In contrast, when reactions start in a non-degenerate gas, there is normally an effective thermostat. A star is usually opaque to reaction products, so that there is no problem in maintaining the reaction temperature, but at late stages of stellar evolution nuclear or elementary particle reactions may produce large numbers of neutrinos and antineutrinos that do escape.

scholarly journals Two-Cooper-pair problem and the Pauli exclusion principle

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter V. Pogosov ◽  
Monique Combescot ◽  
Michel Crouzeix
Keyword(s):  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle
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