Anomalous behavior of singly charged relativistic secondary particles produced in collisions ofO16ions with emulsion nuclei at∼2AGeV

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Judek
Keyword(s):  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Singly Charged

Further Study of the Anomalous Behavior of Secondary Particles Emitted from Heavy Primary Interactions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (18) ◽  
pp. 2082-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Judek
Keyword(s):  
Free Path ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Anomalous Component ◽  
Angular Interval ◽  
Singly Charged

Interaction lengths of singly charged relativistic secondary particles emitted from interactions of very heavy cosmic ray nuclei in emulsions were measured by systematic following of their tracks through the stack. The primary energies were determined by the "knock on" electron method. The results show that particles from interactions with primary energies between 1 and 5 GeV/nucleon emitted in the angular interval [Formula: see text] (θev is the expected RMS angle for evaporation protons) have significantly shorter mean free paths. The variation of the observed mean free paths with distance from the primary interactions shows a transition from short to normal interaction lengths at about 3 cm which indicates the presence of some anomalous component interacting with a very short mean free path of a few cm and relative intensity of order of 10%. This result cannot be accounted for by any known particle or interaction. Considerations of emission angles and types of stars produced by the secondary particles lead to a tentative conclusion that particles exhibiting the anomalously short interaction lengths are scattered fragments of the incident nuclei.

Anomalous interactions of secondary particles emitted from relativistic heavy primary interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Judek
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Nuclear Interactions ◽  
Charged Secondary ◽  
Singly Charged

Interaction mean free paths of relativistic secondary particles emitted from interactions of heavy primary cosmic-ray nuclei in emulsions were measured. The results show that among the Be, Li, He, and singly charged secondary nuclei there are particles present which interact with a cross section several times higher than the expected geometrical value. The stars produced by these particles have the characteristics of ordinary nuclear interactions. There appears to be no interpretation of these observations in terms of any known particle phenomena.

MULTIFRACTAL STUDY OF SINGLY CHARGED PARTICLES PRODUCED IN 32S INDUCED Ag/Br INTERACTIONS AT CERN

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 802-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
GURMUKH SINGH ◽  
MALAY KUMAR GHOSH ◽  
AMITABHA MUKHOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Incident Energy ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Multifractal Spectrum ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Charged Secondary ◽  
Singly Charged

In this contribution, we describe an investigation of the fractal nature of non-statistical fluctuations in the density distribution of singly charged secondary particles produced in 32 S - Ag / Br interactions in emulsion target at incident energy of 200A GeV. The experimental results have been compared with those obtained from an event sample simulated by the Lund Monte Carlo code FRITIOF. Besides obtaining the fractal dimensions and a smooth multifractal spectrum, show that the results can be used to determine universal parameters such as the Levy index, and the multifractal specific heat.

STATIONARY AFTERGLOW STUDY OF THE SINGLY CHARGED ATOMIC IONS IN PURE AR AND KR

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-51-C7-52
Author(s):  
M. Grössl ◽  
H. Helm ◽  
M. Langenwalter ◽  
T.D. Märk
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Ions ◽  
Singly Charged

Evidence of charge inversion in the reaction of singly charged anions with multiply charged macroions

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (17) ◽  
pp. 6412-6415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo ◽  
Harold R. Udseth ◽  
Richard D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Charge Inversion ◽  
Multiply Charged ◽  
Singly Charged

scholarly journals Challenges in Bridge Health Monitoring: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4336
Author(s):  
Piervincenzo Rizzo ◽  
Alireza Enshaeian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Bridge Health Monitoring ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Many ◽  
Major Factors

Bridge health monitoring is increasingly relevant for the maintenance of existing structures or new structures with innovative concepts that require validation of design predictions. In the United States there are more than 600,000 highway bridges. Nearly half of them (46.4%) are rated as fair while about 1 out of 13 (7.6%) is rated in poor condition. As such, the United States is one of those countries in which bridge health monitoring systems are installed in order to complement conventional periodic nondestructive inspections. This paper reviews the challenges associated with bridge health monitoring related to the detection of specific bridge characteristics that may be indicators of anomalous behavior. The methods used to detect loss of stiffness, time-dependent and temperature-dependent deformations, fatigue, corrosion, and scour are discussed. Owing to the extent of the existing scientific literature, this review focuses on systems installed in U.S. bridges over the last 20 years. These are all major factors that contribute to long-term degradation of bridges. Issues related to wireless sensor drifts are discussed as well. The scope of the paper is to help newcomers, practitioners, and researchers at navigating the many methodologies that have been proposed and developed in order to identify damage using data collected from sensors installed in real structures.

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