scholarly journals Quantum scarred eigenstates in a Rydberg atom chain: Entanglement, breakdown of thermalization, and stability to perturbations

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Turner ◽  
A. A. Michailidis ◽  
D. A. Abanin ◽  
M. Serbyn ◽  
Z. Papić
Keyword(s):  
Rydberg Atom ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Atom Chain

Bottom-up Evolution from Disks to High-Genus Polymersomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Contini ◽  
Russell Pearson ◽  
Linge Wang ◽  
Lea Messager ◽  
Jens Gaitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Genus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Minimal Radius ◽  
Stop Flow

<div><div><div><p>We report the design of polymersomes using a bottom-up approach where the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine)–poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PMPC-PDPA) into membranes is tuned using pH and temperature. We study this process in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and stop-flow ab- sorbance disclosing the molecular and supramolecular anatomy of each structure observed. We report a clear evolution from disk micelles to vesicle to high-genus vesicles where each passage is controlled by pH switch or temperature. We show that the process can be rationalised adapting membrane physics theories disclosing important scaling principles that allow the estimation of the vesiculation minimal radius as well as chain entanglement and coupling. This allows us to propose a new approach to generate nanoscale vesicles with genus from 0 to 70 which have been very elusive and difficult to control so far.</p></div></div></div>

Bottom-up Evolution from Disks to High-Genus Polymersomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Contini ◽  
Russell Pearson ◽  
Linge Wang ◽  
Lea Messager ◽  
Jens Gaitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Genus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Minimal Radius ◽  
Stop Flow

<div><div><div><p>We report the design of polymersomes using a bottom-up approach where the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine)–poly(2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PMPC-PDPA) into membranes is tuned using pH and temperature. We study this process in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and stop-flow ab- sorbance disclosing the molecular and supramolecular anatomy of each structure observed. We report a clear evolution from disk micelles to vesicle to high-genus vesicles where each passage is controlled by pH switch or temperature. We show that the process can be rationalised adapting membrane physics theories disclosing important scaling principles that allow the estimation of the vesiculation minimal radius as well as chain entanglement and coupling. This allows us to propose a new approach to generate nanoscale vesicles with genus from 0 to 70 which have been very elusive and difficult to control so far.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Rydberg Atom Electric Field Sensors for Communications and Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Charles T. Fancher ◽  
David R. Scherer ◽  
Marc C. St. John ◽  
Bonnie L. Schmittberger Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Rydberg Atom ◽  
Electric Field Sensors

Dynamic Inhomogeneity in Homogeneous Polymer Melts

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Lin Chu ◽  
Kaipin Xu ◽  
Robert Graf ◽  
Zhichao Yan ◽  
Junfang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Double Quantum ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Chain entanglement behaviors were studied by 1H Hahn echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 1H double-quantum (DQ) NMR experiments. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was chosen to investigate the chain entanglement behaviors....

scholarly journals Decoupling of Mechanical and Transport Properties in Organogels via Solvent Variation

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Mineart ◽  
Cameron Hong ◽  
Lucas A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Chain Entanglement ◽  
Mineral Oils

Organogels have recently been considered as materials for transdermal drug delivery media, wherein their transport and mechanical properties are among the most important considerations. Transport through organogels has only recently been investigated and findings highlight an inextricable link between gels’ transport and mechanical properties based upon the formulated polymer concentration. Here, organogels composed of styrenic triblock copolymer and different aliphatic mineral oils, each with a unique dynamic viscosity, are characterized in terms of their quasi-static uniaxial mechanical behavior and the internal diffusion of two unique solute penetrants. Mechanical testing results indicate that variation of mineral oil viscosity does not affect gel mechanical behavior. This likely stems from negligible changes in the interactions between mineral oils and the block copolymer, which leads to consistent crosslinked network structure and chain entanglement (at a fixed polymer concentration). Conversely, results from diffusion experiments highlight that two penetrants—oleic acid (OA) and aggregated aerosol-OT (AOT)—diffuse through gels at a rate inversely proportional to mineral oil viscosity. The inverse dependence is theoretically supported by the hydrodynamic model of solute diffusion through gels. Collectively, our results show that organogel solvent variation can be used as a design parameter to tailor solute transport through gels while maintaining fixed mechanical properties.

Atomic 2D electric field imaging of a Yagi–Uda antenna near-field using a portable Rydberg-atom probe and measurement instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Ryan Cardman ◽  
Luís F. Gonçalves ◽  
Rachel E. Sapiro ◽  
Georg Raithel ◽  
David A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Rydberg Atom ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Electric Field Measurement ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties

AbstractWe present electric field measurements and imaging of a Yagi–Uda antenna near-field using a Rydberg atom–based radio frequency electric field measurement instrument. The instrument uses electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg states of cesium atoms in a room-temperature vapor and off-resonant RF-field–induced Rydberg-level shifts for optical SI-traceable measurements of RF electric fields over a wide amplitude and frequency range. The electric field along the antenna boresight is measured using the atomic probe at a spatial resolution of ${\lambda }_{RF}/2$ with electric field measurement uncertainties below 5.5%, an improvement to RF measurement uncertainties provided by existing antenna standards.

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