scholarly journals Laser angle-resolved photoemission as a probe of initial state kz dispersion, final-state band gaps, and spin texture of Dirac states in the Bi2Te3 topological insulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Ärrälä ◽  
Hasnain Hafiz ◽  
Daixiang Mou ◽  
Yun Wu ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulator ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
State Band ◽  
Spin Texture

scholarly journals Band gap manipulation of viscoelastic functionally graded phononic crystal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-523
Author(s):  
Zuguang Bian ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Xiaoliang Zhou ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Incident Angle ◽  
Phononic Crystal ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Sh Waves ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractIn this study, band gaps of SH-waves (horizontally polarized shear waves) propagating in a thermal-sensitive viscoelastic matrix are investigated. Metallic films acting as heat sources are periodically embedded into the matrix, which establishes a periodically inhomogeneous thermal field. The homogenous matrix is therefore transformed into functionally gradient phononic crystals (PCs). A three-parameter solid model is employed to describe the viscoelasticity of the present matrix. By virtue of a transfer matrix method incorporated within a laminated model, the dispersion equation of SH-waves is finally obtained, from which the band gaps are determined. The transmission spectra of a finite-periodic PC are also solved to validate the band gaps. In numerical examples, the influences of incident angles of SH-waves and viscoelasticity of matrix on band gaps are discussed first. Then the research focuses on the means to tune the band gaps by manipulating the inputted powers of heat sources. Numerical examples demonstrate that such a strategy is effective and convenient in tuning the positions and widths of band gaps. A viscous parameter, i.e., the ratio of initial-state to final-state storage moduli, significantly affects the band locations and bandwidths, while the locations of low-order band gaps hardly move with the incident angle of SH-waves. Band gaps of several orders are expected to locate in lower-frequency domain, and the total bandwidth becomes larger as the inputted heat flux increases. This paper lays theoretical foundation to manufacture viscoelastic functionally graded PCs which can be used in frequency-selective devices.

scholarly journals Dual subtractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Maria Prisco ◽  
Francesco Tramontano
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Dual Representation ◽  
Subtraction Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Perturbative Quantum

Abstract We propose a novel local subtraction scheme for the computation of Next-to-Leading Order contributions to theoretical predictions for scattering processes in perturbative Quantum Field Theory. With respect to well known schemes proposed since many years that build upon the analysis of the real radiation matrix elements, our construction starts from the loop diagrams and exploits their dual representation. Our scheme implements exact phase space factorization, handles final state as well as initial state singularities and is suitable for both massless and massive particles.

scholarly journals Development and testing of a community flood resilience measurement tool

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Keating ◽  
Karen Campbell ◽  
Michael Szoenyi ◽  
Colin McQuistan ◽  
David Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ◽  
Flood Characteristics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Livelihoods Framework

Abstract. Given the increased attention on resilience-strengthening in international humanitarian and development work, there is a growing need to invest in its measurement and the overall accountability of "resilience strengthening" initiatives. We present a framework and tool for measuring community level resilience to flooding, built around the five capitals (5Cs) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. At the time of writing the tool is being tested in 75 communities across 10 countries. Currently 88 potential sources of resilience are measured at the baseline (initial state) and endline (final state) approximately two years later. If a flood occurs in the community during the study period, resilience outcome measures are recorded. By comparing pre-flood characteristics to post flood outcomes, we aim to empirically verify sources of resilience, something which has never been done in this field. There is an urgent need for the continued development of theoretically anchored, empirically verified and practically applicable disaster resilience measurement frameworks and tools so that the field may: a) deepen understanding of the key components of "disaster resilience" in order to better target resilience enhancing initiatives, and b) enhance our ability to benchmark and measure disaster resilience over time, and compare how resilience changes as a result of different capacities, actions and hazards.

UML-BASED MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SECURITY THREATS

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 875-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN KONG ◽  
DIANXIANG XU ◽  
XIAOQIN ZENG
Keyword(s):  
Formal Method ◽  
Graph Transformation ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Sequence Diagrams ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Software Application

Poor design has been a major source of software security problems. Rigorous and designer-friendly methodologies for modeling and analyzing secure software are highly desirable. A formal method for software development, however, often suffers from a gap between the rigidity of the method and the informal nature of system requirements. To narrow this gap, this paper presents a UML-based framework for modeling and analyzing security threats (i.e. potential security attacks) rigorously and visually. We model the intended functions of a software application with UML statechart diagrams and the security threats with sequence diagrams, respectively. Statechart diagrams are automatically converted into a graph transformation system, which has a well-established theoretical foundation. Method invocations in a sequence diagram of a security threat are interpreted as a sequence of paired graph transformations. Therefore, the analysis of a security threat is conducted through simulating the state transitions from an initial state to a final state triggered by method invocations. In our approach, designers directly work with UML diagrams to visually model system behaviors and security threats while threats can still be rigorously analyzed based on graph transformation.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of initial-state fluctuations on hydrodynamic simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Marcin Słodkowski ◽  
Patryk Gawryszewski ◽  
Dominik Setniewski
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Ion Collision

In this work, we are focusing on assessing the contribution of the initial-state fluctuations of heavy ion collision in the hydrodynamic simulations. We are trying to answer the question of whether the hydrodynamic simulation retains the same level of fluctuation in the final-state as for the initial stage. In another scenario, the hydrodynamic simulations of the fluctuation drowns in the final distribution of expanding matter. For this purpose, we prepared sufficient relativistic hydrodynamic program to study A+A interaction which allows analysing initial-state fluctuations in the bulk nuclear matter. For such an assumption, it is better to use high spatial resolution. Therefore, we applied the (3+1) dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. We implemented our program using parallel computing on graphics cards processors - Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Simulations were carried out with various levels of fluctuation in initial conditions using the average method of events coming from UrQMD models. Energy density distributions were analysed and the contribution of fluctuations in initial conditions was assessed in the hydrodynamic simulation.

scholarly journals Finding Cut-Offs in Leaderless Rendez-Vous Protocols is Easy

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
A. R. Balasubramanian ◽  
Javier Esparza ◽  
Mikhail Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Reachability Problem ◽  
Final State ◽  
Final Configuration ◽  
Finite State ◽  
State Agents

AbstractIn rendez-vous protocols an arbitrarily large number of indistinguishable finite-state agents interact in pairs. The cut-off problem asks if there exists a number B such that all initial configurations of the protocol with at least B agents in a given initial state can reach a final configuration with all agents in a given final state. In a recent paper [17], Horn and Sangnier prove that the cut-off problem is equivalent to the Petri net reachability problem for protocols with a leader, and in "Image missing" for leaderless protocols. Further, for the special class of symmetric protocols they reduce these bounds to "Image missing" and "Image missing" , respectively. The problem of lowering these upper bounds or finding matching lower bounds is left open. We show that the cut-off problem is "Image missing" -complete for leaderless protocols, "Image missing" -complete for symmetric protocols with a leader, and in "Image missing" for leaderless symmetric protocols, thereby solving all the problems left open in [17].

Modelling of Systems with Elements in Several States

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Anna Tarasenko ◽  
Oleksandr Karelin ◽  
Manuel Gonzalez Hernández ◽  
Oleksandr Barabash
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Integral Equations ◽  
Equilibrium Position ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Cyclic Models

In this paper, we consider systems with one resource, which can be in several states. The states differ significantly in their processes of mortality, reproduction and mutual influence. For instance, infected elements can have a higher mortality rate than healthy and recovered ones. For cyclic models, in which the initial state of the system coincides with the final state, balance relations are found. They represent a system with functional operators with shift and integrals with degenerate kernels. Modified Fredholm method, proposed in previous works to solve the integral equations of the second type with degenerate kernels and shifts, is applied. Equilibrium position of a system with a three-state resource is found.

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