scholarly journals Particle-vortex duality of two-dimensional Dirac fermion from electric-magnetic duality of three-dimensional topological insulators

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Max A. Metlitski ◽  
Ashvin Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dirac Fermion ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals Oscillatory crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional topological insulators

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Xing Liu ◽  
HaiJun Zhang ◽  
Binghai Yan ◽  
Xiao-Liang Qi ◽  
Thomas Frauenheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Lin ◽  
Xiao-Qi Sun ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Shou-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Shanhui Fan
Keyword(s):  
Screw Dislocation ◽  
Topological Insulator ◽  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Topological System ◽  
Frequency Axis

In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document