scholarly journals Interacting tunneling model for two-level systems in amorphous materials and its predictions for their dephasing and noise in superconducting microresonators

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Faoro ◽  
Lev B. Ioffe
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Tunneling Model ◽  
Two Level Systems

Interaction of two-level systems in amorphous materials with arbitrary phonon fields

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Anghel ◽  
T. Kühn ◽  
Y. M. Galperin ◽  
M. Manninen
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Two Level Systems

scholarly journals The Anisotropic Glassy Properties of Decagonal Quasicrystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dragoş-Victor Anghel ◽  
Dmitry V. Churochkin
Keyword(s):  
Strain Field ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Symmetric Tensor ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Tunneling Model ◽  
Decagonal Quasicrystals ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Two Level Systems

We use an extended version of the standard tunneling model to explain the anisotropic sound absorption in decagonal quasicrystals. The glassy properties are determined by an ensemble of two level systems (TLSs), arbitrarily oriented. The TLS is characterized by a 3 × 3 symmetric tensor, [T], which couples to the strain field, [S], through a 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 tensor of coupling constants, [R]. The structure of [R] reflects the symmetry of the quasicrystal. We also analyze the probability distributions of the elements of [T] in this particular model for a better understanding of the characteristics of “isotropic” and “anisotropic” distributions of the ensemble of TLSs. We observe that the distribution of the elements is neither simple nor intuitive and therefore it is difficult to guess ita priory, using qualitative arguments based on the symmetry properties.

scholarly journals Multilevel Tunnelling Systems and Fractal Clustering in the Low-Temperature Mixed Alkali-Silicate Glasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Jug ◽  
Maksym Paliienko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Tunneling Model ◽  
Magnetic Effects ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Organic Glasses ◽  
Two Level Systems ◽  
Mixed Glasses ◽  
The Right

The thermal and dielectric anomalies of window-type glasses at low temperatures (T<1 K) are rather successfully explained by the two-level systems (2LS) standard tunneling model (STM). However, the magnetic effects discovered in the multisilicate glasses in recent times, magnetic effects in the organic glasses, and also some older data from mixed (SiO2)1−x(K2O)xand (SiO2)1−x(Na2O)xglasses indicate the need for a suitable extension of the 2LS-STM. We show that—not only for the magnetic effects, but also for the mixed glasses in the absence of a field—the right extension of the 2LS-STM is provided by the (anomalous) multilevel tunnelling systems (ATS) proposed by one of us for multicomponent amorphous solids. Though a secondary type of TS, different from the standard 2LS, was invoked long ago already, we clarify their physical origin and mathematical description and show that their contribution considerably improves the agreement with the experimental data. In spite of dealing with low-temperature properties, our work impinges on the structure and statistical physics of glasses at all temperatures.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

TEM studies of amorphization processes and amorphous structures

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
T. E. Mitchell ◽  
R. B. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
List Type ◽  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Interfacial Films

Traditional oxide glasses occur naturally as obsidian and can be made easily by suitable cooling histories. In the past 30 years, a variety of techniques have been discovered which amorphize normally crystalline materials such as metals. These include [1-3]:Rapid quenching from the vapor phase.Rapid quenching from the liquid phase.Electrodeposition of certain alloys, e.g. Fe-P.Oxidation of crystals to produce amorphous surface oxide layers.Interdiffusion of two pure crystalline metals.Hydrogen-induced vitrification of an intermetal1ic.Mechanical alloying and ball-milling of intermetal lie compounds.Irradiation processes of all kinds using ions, electrons, neutrons, and fission products.We offer here some general comments on the use of TEM to study these materials and give some particular examples of such studies.Thin specimens can be prepared from bulk homogeneous materials in the usual way. Most often, however, amorphous materials are in the form of surface films or interfacial films with different chemistry from the substrates.

Analysis of Dark-Field Images of Disordered Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Random Arrangement ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Imaging Conditions

Recently a number of authors have reported detail in dark-field images obtained from diffuse-scattering regions of electron diffraction patterns. Bright spots in images from short-range order diffuse peaks of disordered binary alloys have been interpreted as evidence for the existence of microdomains of ordered lattice or of segragated clusters of one component. Spotty contrast in dark field images of near-amorphous materials has been interpreted as evidence for the existense of microcrystals. Without a careful analysis of the imaging conditions such conclusions may be invalid. Usually the conditions of the experiment have not been specified in sufficient detail to allow evaluation of the conclusions.Elementary considerations show that even for a completely random arrangement of atoms the statistical fluctuations of density will give a spotty contrast with spots of minimum diameter determined by the dark field aperture size and other factors influencing the minimum resolvable distance under darkfield imaging conditions, including fluctuations and drift over long exposure times (resolution usually 10Å or more).

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

Multislice calculations for quasi-periodic and non-periodic objects

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
R. Herrera ◽  
A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Periodic Continuation

Computer simulations of electron diffraction patterns and images are an essential step in the process of structure and/or defect elucidation. So far most programs are designed to deal specifically with crystals, requiring frequently the space group as imput parameter. In such programs the deviations from perfect periodicity are dealt with by means of “periodic continuation”.However, for many applications involving amorphous materials, quasiperiodic materials or simply crystals with defects (including finite shape effects) it is convenient to have an algorithm capable of handling non-periodicity. Our program “HeGo” is an implementation of the well known multislice equations in which no periodicity assumption is made whatsoever. The salient features of our implementation are: 1) We made Gaussian fits to the atomic scattering factors for electrons covering the whole periodic table and the ranges [0-2]Å−1 and [2-6]Å−1.

DIELECTRIC EVIDENCE FOR EXISTENCE OF TWO-LEVEL-SYSTEMS IN CYCLOHEXANOL, A " GLASSY CRYSTAL " SYSTEM

1982 ◽  
Vol 43 (C9) ◽  
pp. C9-525-C9-527
Author(s):  
G. P. Singh ◽  
R. Vacher ◽  
R. Calemczuk
Keyword(s):  
Crystal System ◽  
Two Level Systems
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