scholarly journals Residual solvent content in conducting polymer-blend films mapped with scanning transmission x-ray microscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Meier ◽  
Markus Schindler ◽  
Peter Müller-Buschbaum ◽  
Benjamin Watts
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Selective Chain Alignment of Conducting Polymer Blend Films by an Ultrafast Laser

2015 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmin Chae ◽  
Kuk Hyun Jo ◽  
Si Woo Lee ◽  
Hee-Sung Keum ◽  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Ultrafast Laser ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Chain Alignment

Imaging phase-separated domains in conducting polymer blend films with near-field scanning optical microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (22) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeseong Hwang ◽  
Lori S. Goldner ◽  
Alamgir Karim ◽  
Connie Gettinger
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Scanning Optical Microscopy ◽  
Near Field Scanning

Influence of Film Thickness on the Phase Separation Mechanism in Ultrathin Conducting Polymer Blend Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2899-2909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Meier ◽  
Matthias A. Ruderer ◽  
Alexander Diethert ◽  
Gunar Kaune ◽  
Volker Körstgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Phase Separation Mechanism

Highly conducting polymer blend films of polyaniline and nylon 6 by cosolvation in an organic acid

Polymer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (23) ◽  
pp. 5295-5299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abraham ◽  
A. Bharathi ◽  
S.V. Subramanyam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Blend Films

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

High-resolution x-ray imaging of small copper-rich precipitates in steels

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
J. R. Michael ◽  
K. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Although copper is considered an incidental or trace element in many commercial steels, some grades contain up to 1-2 wt.% Cu for precipitation strengthening. Previous electron microscopy and atom-probe/field-ion microscopy (AP/FIM) studies indicate that the precipitation of copper from ferrite proceeds with the formation of Cu-rich bcc zones and the subsequent transformation of these zones to fcc copper particles. However, the similarity between the atomic scattering amplitudes for iron and copper and the small misfit between between Cu-rich particles and the ferrite matrix preclude the detection of small (<5 nm) Cu-rich particles by conventional transmission electron microscopy; such particles have been imaged directly only by FIM. Here results are presented whereby the Cu Kα x-ray signal was used in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to image small Cu-rich particles in a steel. The capability to detect these small particles is expected to be helpful in understanding the behavior of copper in steels during thermomechanical processing and heat treatment.

Energy Dispersive X-Ray Measurements of thin Metal Foils

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
J. Bentley ◽  
E. A. Kenik
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Thin Metal ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Foils ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Scanning Transmission

Instruments combining a 100 kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) with scanning transmission (STEM), secondary electron (SEM) and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) attachments to give analytical capabilities are becoming increasingly available and useful. Some typical applications in the field of materials science which make use of the small probe size and thin specimen geometry are the chemical analysis of small precipitates contained within a thin foil and the measurement of chemical concentration profiles near microstructural features such as grain boundaries, point defect clusters, dislocations, or precipitates. Quantitative x-ray analysis of bulk samples using EDS on a conventional SEM is reasonably well established, but much less work has been performed on thin metal foils using the higher accelerating voltages available in TEM based instruments.

Techniques for cryoultramicrotomy of propane jet frozen biological samples

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
B. Craig ◽  
L. Hawkey ◽  
A. LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Embryonic Chick Heart ◽  
A New Technique

Ultra-rapid freezing followed by cryoultramicrotomy is essential for the preservation of diffusible elements in situ within cells prior to scanning transmission electron microscopy and quantitative energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis. For cells or tissue fragments in suspension and for monolayer cell cultures, propane jet freezing provides cooling rates greater than 30,000°C/sec with regions up to 40μm in thickness free of significant ice crystal formation. While this method of freezing has frequently been applied prior to freeze fracture or freeze substitution, it has not been widely utilized prior to cryoultramicrotomy and subsequent x-ray microanalytical studies. This report describes methods devised in our laboratory for cryosectioning of propane jet frozen kidney proximal tubule suspensions and cultured embryonic chick heart cells, in particular a new technique for mounting frozen suspension specimens for sectioning. The techniques utilize the same specimen supports and sample holders as those used for freeze fracture and freeze substitution and should be generally applicable to any cell suspension or culture preparation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document