scholarly journals Zero-temperature phases for chiral magnets in three dimensions

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hong Park ◽  
Jung Hoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Zero Temperature

THE ORIENTATIONAL POLARIZATION OF ADSORBED POLAR MOLECULES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Snelgrove ◽  
R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Equilibrium Position ◽  
Polyatomic Molecule ◽  
Polar Molecule ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Polar Molecules ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Orientational Polarization

The orientational polarization of a polar molecule adsorbed on a solid surface is deduced for two cases. First, the molecule oscillates in the plane of the surface about some equilibrium position. A zero temperature coefficient of the polarization is deduced. Second, the molecule may rotate freely in the plane within some given angle, but cannot incline to any greater extent from the equilibrium position under the influence of the field. The normal temperature coefficient is obtained with this model.The derivation of these formulae is based upon the procedures of Kurbatov who considered oscillation and rotation to be possible in three dimensions. The models employed here are considered preferable on the grounds that a physically adsorbed polyatomic molecule would presumably lie flat in the plane of the adsorbing surface.

FINITE TEMPERATURE ENTROPY OF THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC POTTS MODEL

1988 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 1495-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. CHEN ◽  
C. Y. PAN
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Potts Model ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Universal Relation ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Disorder Transition ◽  
Color Problem ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Potts Model

Monte Carlo simulation is used to deal with the finite temperature entropy of the q-state antiferromagnetic Potts model which is the extension of the general q-color problem (at zero temperature). The finite temperature entropy of the model in two and three dimensions is obtained which is consistent with the zero temperature results. A possible universal relation of the model to determine when the order-disorder transition happens is proposed.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE Q-COLOR PROBLEM ON A LATTICE

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIYAO CHEN ◽  
C.Y. PAN
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Color Problem ◽  
Exact Answer ◽  
Hypercubic Lattice ◽  
Good Agreement

By using the finite size extrapolation method and combined with a Monte Carlo simulation we have calculated the zero temperature entropy of the q-state Potts Antiferromagnet in two and three dimensions which is identical to the q-color problem in two and three dimensions. The model is laid on a hypercubic lattice. When q=3 (in two dimensions) the result is in good agreement with Lieb’s exact answer. When q>3 (in two and three dimensions) the results are in strong support of Mattis’ recent conjecture for the q-color problem. This method can also treat the d>3 cases without serious difficulties.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Inelastic Electron Scattering from Valence Electrons in Aluminum

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Scattering Spectrum ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Electronic Scattering

We wish to report in this paper measurements of the inelastic scattering component due to the collective excitations (plasmons) and single particlehole excitations of the valence electrons in Al. Such scattering contributes to the diffuse electronic scattering seen in electron diffraction patterns and has recently been considered of significance in weak-beam images (see Gai and Howie) . A major problem in the determination of such scattering is the proper correction for multiple scattering. We outline here a procedure which we believe suitably deals with such problems and report the observed single scattering spectrum.In principle, one can use the procedure of Misell and Jones—suitably generalized to three dimensions (qx, qy and #x2206;E)--to derive single scattering profiles. However, such a computation becomes prohibitively large if applied in a brute force fashion since the quasi-elastic scattering (and associated multiple electronic scattering) extends to much larger angles than the multiple electronic scattering on its own.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

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