scholarly journals Saturation of spin-polarized current in nanometer scale aluminum grains

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. G. Wei ◽  
C. E. Malec ◽  
D. Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Spin Polarized

SPIN-POLARIZED VACUUM TUNNELING: CORRELATION OF ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES ON THE NANOMETER SCALE

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GETZLAFF ◽  
M. BODE ◽  
R. WIESENDANGER
Keyword(s):  
Spin Polarization ◽  
Asymmetry Parameter ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Tunneling Conductivity ◽  
Photoemission Data ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Ferromagnetic Probe

The realization of spin-polarized vacuum tunneling is demonstrated for the Gd(0001) surface, which is ideally suited since it exhibits a surface state that is exchange-split into two parts with opposite spin polarization. Both appear as distinct features in the tunneling spectra. The use of ferromagnetic probe tips leads to magnetic-field-dependent asymmetries in the differential tunneling conductivity at bias voltages which correspond to the energies of the spin components. By mapping the asymmetry parameter we can image the magnetic domain structure of the sample. The spin polarization of the differential tunneling conductivity is found to be in excellent agreement with (inverse) photoemission data.

scholarly journals Spin-polarized electron transport through nanometer-scale Al grains

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
C. Y. Wang ◽  
Y. G. Wei ◽  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
D. Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Spin Polarized

Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Jeff Gelles
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Enzyme Molecule ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Individual Enzyme ◽  
Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

Microstructural characterization of sol-gel coating on PET films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
R. T. Chen ◽  
R.A. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Pet Films

Sol-gel processing has been used to control the structure of a material on a nanometer scale in preparing advanced ceramics and glasses. Film coating using the sol-gel process was also found to be a viable process technology in applications such as optical, porous, antireflection and hard coatings. In this study, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) coatings are applied to PET films for various industrial applications. Sol-gel materials are known to exhibit nanometer scale structures which havepreviously been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering and light scattering. Imaging of the ultrafine sol-gel structures has also been performed using an ultrahigh resolution replica/TEM technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrafine structures inthe sol gel coatings using a direct imaging technique: atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, correlation of microstructures with processing parameters, coating density and other physical properties will be discussed.The materials evaluated are organically modified silicate coatings on PET film substrates. Refractive index measurement by the prism coupling method was used to assess density of the sol-gel coating.AFM imaging was performed on a Nanoscope III AFM (by Digital Instruments) using constant force mode. Solgel coating samples coated with a thin layer of Ft (by ion beam sputtering) were also examined by STM in order to confirm the structures observed in the contact type AFM. In addition, to compare the previous results, sol-gel powder samples were also prepared by ultrasonication followed by Pt/Au shadowing and examined using a JEOL 100CX TEM.

Spin-polarized Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Koike ◽  
Hideo Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
Electron Spin Polarization ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Magnetization Direction ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM), where the secondary electron spin polarization is used as the image signal, is a novel technique for magnetic domain observation. Since its first development by Koike and Hayakawa in 1984, several laboratories have extensively studied this technique and have greatly improved its capability for data extraction and its range of applications. This paper reviews the progress over the last few years.Almost all the high expectations initially held for spin SEM have been realized. A spatial resolution of several hundreds angstroms has been attained, which is nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional methods for thick samples. Quantitative analysis of magnetization direction has been performed more easily than with conventional methods. Domain observation of the surface of three-dimensional samples has been confirmed to be possible. One of the drawbacks, a long image acquisition time, has been eased by combining highspeed image-signal processing with high speed scanning, although at the cost of image quality. By using spin SEM, the magnetic structure of a 180 degrees surface Neel wall, magnetic thin films, multilayered films, magnetic discs, etc., have been investigated.

Investigation of spin-polarized carrier injection effect in|YBa2Cu3O7/SrTiO3/La0.67/Sr0.33MnO3 and YBa2Cu3O7/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heterostructures

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-53-Pr11-57
Author(s):  
B. Vengalis ◽  
V. Plausinaitiene ◽  
A. Abrutis ◽  
Z. Saltyte ◽  
R. Butkute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Injection Effect

OPTICAL TRANSITIONS BETWEEN SPIN-POLARIZED BANDS IN MAGNETIC CHROMIUM SPINELS

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-932-C1-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. LEHMANN ◽  
G. HARBEKE ◽  
H. PINCH
Keyword(s):  
Optical Transitions ◽  
Spin Polarized
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