scholarly journals Spontaneous-symmetry-breaking mechanism of adiabatic pumping

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tserkovnyak ◽  
Arne Brataas
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Breaking Mechanism

Self-Organization of Symmetry Networks: Transformation Invariance from the Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking Mechanism

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Simple Cell ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Breaking Mechanism

Symmetry networks use permutation symmetries among synaptic weights to achieve transformation-invariant response. This article proposes a generic mechanism by which such symmetries can develop during unsupervised adaptation: it is shown analytically that spontaneous symmetry breaking can result in the discovery of unknown invariances of the data's probability distribution. It is proposed that a role of sparse coding is to facilitate the discovery of statistical invariances by this mechanism. It is demonstrated that the statistical dependences that exist between simple-cell-like threshold feature detectors, when exposed to temporally uncorrelated natural image data, can drive the development of complex-cell-like invariances, via single-cell Hebbian adaptation. A single learning rule can generate both simple-cell-like and complex-cell-like receptive fields.

QUANTUM STATE AND SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN GRAVITY

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
PEDRO F. GONZALEZ-DIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
General Quantum ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Euclidean Wormholes

A spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism is used in quantum gravity to obtain a convergent positive definite density-matrix as the most general quantum state of Euclidean wormholes.

scholarly journals Supersymmetric Mirror Models and Dimensional Evolution of Spacetime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supersymmetric Model ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Double Space

A dynamic view is conjectured for not only the universe but also the underlying theories in contrast to the convectional pursuance of single unification theory. As the 4 -d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension via the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, supersymmetric mirror models consistently emerge one by one at different energy scales and scenarios involving different sets of particle species and interactions. Starting from random Planck fluctuations, the time dimension and its arrow are born in the time inflation process as the gravitational strength is weakened under a 1-d model of a “timeron” scalar field. The “ timeron” decay then starts the hot big bang and generates Majorana fermions and U(1) gauge bosons in 2-d spacetime. The next spontaneous symmetry breaking results in two space inflaton fields leading to a double space inflation process and emergence of two decoupled sectors of ordinary and mirror particles. In fully extended 4-d spacetime, the supersymmetric standard model with mirror matter before the electroweak phase transition and the subsequent pseudo-supersymmetric model due to staged quark condensation as previously proposed are justified. A set of principles are postulated under t his new framework. In particular, new understanding of the evolving supersymmetry and Z2 or generalized mirror symmetry is presented.

NUCLEAR DEFORMATIONS AS A SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
WITOLD NAZAREWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Symmetries ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Breaking Mechanism

Why can certain nuclei be described in terms of intrinsic shapes with non-spherical, triaxial, or reflection-asymmetric static moments? At first glance a violation of very fundamental symmetries such as rotational invariance, space inversion, or particle number symmetry is astonishing since strong interactions do actually conserve angular momentum, parity, and baryon number. The main building blocks of the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in atomic nuclei are discussed and illuminated by examples taken from atomic and nuclear physics.

scholarly journals Supersymmetric mirror models and dimensional evolution of spacetime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supersymmetric Model ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Double Space

A dynamic view is conjectured for not only the universe but also the underlying theories in contrast to the convectional pursuance of a single unification theory. As the 4-d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension via the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, supersymmetric mirror models consistently emerge one by one at different energy scales and scenarios involving different sets of particle species and interactions. Starting from random Planck fluctuations, the time dimension and its arrow are born in the time inflation process as the gravitational strength is weakened under a 1-d model of a ``timeron'' scalar field. The ``timeron'' decay then starts the hot big bang and generates Majorana fermions and $U(1)$ gauge bosons in 2-d spacetime. The next spontaneous symmetry breaking results in two space inflaton fields leading to a double space inflation process and emergence of two decoupled sectors of ordinary and mirror particles. In fully extended 4-d spacetime, the supersymmetric standard model with mirror matter before the electroweak phase transition and the subsequent pseudo-supersymmetric model due to staged quark condensation as previously proposed are justified. A set of principles are postulated under this new framework. In particular, new understanding of the evolving supersymmetry and $Z_2$ or generalized mirror symmetry is presented.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of dislocation core in SrTiO3

2021 ◽  
pp. 100453
Author(s):  
Hetian Chen ◽  
Di Yi ◽  
Ben Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Cewen Nan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Dislocation Core

scholarly journals Tachyons and Solitons in Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Frame of Field Theory

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Yiannis Contoyiannis ◽  
Michael P. Hanias ◽  
Pericles Papadopoulos ◽  
Stavros G. Stavrinides ◽  
Myron Kampitakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Universality Class ◽  
Lattice Simulation ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ising Spin ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

This paper presents our study of the presence of the unstable critical point in spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau (G-L) free energy. Through a 3D Ising spin lattice simulation, we found a zone of hysteresis where the unstable critical point continued to exist, despite the system having entered the broken symmetry phase. Within the hysteresis zone, the presence of the kink–antikink SSB solitons expands and, therefore, these can be observed. In scalar field theories, such as Higgs fields, the mass of this soliton inside the hysteresis zone could behave as a tachyon mass, namely as an imaginary quantity. Due to the fact that groups Ζ(2) and SU(2) belong to the same universality class, one expects that, in future experiments of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, in addition to the expected bosons condensations, structures of tachyon fields could appear.

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