Valence-electron states ofYBa2Cu3O7−δcharacterized by combined x-ray and photoemission studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 4050-4055 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dräger ◽  
F. Werfel ◽  
J. A. Leiro
Keyword(s):  
Valence Electron ◽  
Electron States ◽  
X Ray

Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
R. H. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

Partial local densities of electron states and X-ray emission K-Spectra of titanium in TiLi, TiTc, TiRu and SrTiO3 compounds

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1429-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Nemoshkalenko ◽  
A. N. Timoshevsky ◽  
V. N. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Electron States ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Densities

Simultaneous observation of dipole-bound and valence electron states in pyridine tetramer anion

1998 ◽  
Vol 109 (22) ◽  
pp. 9656-9659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yun Han ◽  
Jeong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae Kyu Song ◽  
Seong Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Valence Electron ◽  
Simultaneous Observation ◽  
Electron States

Subatomic electron states in condensed matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris I. Ivlev
Keyword(s):  
Population Inversion ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Electron States ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Continuous Frequency

In experiments on irradiation of metal surfaces by ions of keV energy, the emission of X-ray laser beams from the metal was observed not only during irradiation but also 20 h after it was switched off (from the “dead” sample). In contrast to a usual laser, the emitted collimated X-ray beams were of continuous frequency. In this paper the mechanism of that phenomenon is proposed. Subatomic electron states are formed inside the metal. These states are associated with anomalous wells within the subatomically small (10−11 cm) region. An anomalous well is formed by the local reduction (of MeV scale) in that region of zero point electromagnetic energy. States in anomalous wells are long-lived, which results in population inversion and the subsequent laser generation observed. The energies of emitted X-ray beams are due to the conversion of zero point electromagnetic energy (X-ray laser beams from vacuum).

High-energy x-ray-excited valence-electron photoemission spectroscopy ofC2H2andC2D2

1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 4730-4733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Svensson ◽  
E. Zdansky ◽  
U. Gelius ◽  
H. Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Valence Electron ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Photoemission

Structure and stability of γ1-AuZn2.1: a γ-brass-related complex phase in the Au–Zn System

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116
Author(s):  
Biplab Koley ◽  
Srinivasa Thimmaiah ◽  
Sven Lidin ◽  
Partha P. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Electron Concentration ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Valence Electron Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electrons

γ1-AuZn2.1 in the Au–Zn binary system has been synthesized and its structure analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the trigonal space group P31m (No. 157) with ∼227 atoms per unit cell and represents a \surd3a × \surd3a × c superstructure of rhombohedrally distorted γ-Au5–x Zn8+y . The structure is largely tetrahedrally closed packed. The formation of γ1-AuZn2.1 can be understood within the framework of a Hume-Rothery stabilization mechanism with a valence electron concentration of 1.68 e/a (valence electrons per atom).

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