Atomic-resolution scanning-tunneling-microscopy investigations of alkali-metal–graphite intercalation compounds

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 5856-5859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Kelty ◽  
Charles M. Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Graphite Intercalation

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of GuCl2 and CoCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Olk ◽  
J. Heremans ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus ◽  
J.S. Speck ◽  
J.T. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Hexagonal Symmetry ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Stage 1

AbstractScanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to visualize the structure of copper chloride and cobalt chloride graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). When the samples are biased negatively with respect to the tip, the images show details of the structure of the intercalant layers, and of its effects on the surface graphene layer. When the sample is under positive bias, symmetry properties of the uppermost graphite planes are revealed. Images of the CuCl2 stage 1 GIC display a hexagonal symmetry in which all the atoms of the graphite surface plane appear. This is in contrast to the three-fold symmetry usually seen in atomic resolution STM images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which we also observe on a reference sample of HOPG. The three-fold symmetry is attributed to the ABAB stacking of the atomic layers in HOPG. In GICs, this stacking sequence is interrupted by the layer of intercalate, so that for the stage 1 compound all carbon atoms in the plane become equivalent, and six-fold symmetry develops. For a stage 2 (CuC12 or CoCl2) GIC three-fold symmetry is expected to persist. Images of the CoCl2 stage 1 GIC, taken with the sample bias is positive with respect to the tip, display a mixed trigonal and hexagonal symmetry, and may be attributable to the fact that the surface of sample is of mixed stage.

Superstructure and boundary structure in stage 4 MoCl5–graphite intercalation compounds studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vignal ◽  
H. Konno ◽  
M. Inagaki ◽  
S. Flandrois ◽  
J. C. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Graphite Intercalation Compounds ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Graphite Intercalation

Intercalated domains on stage 4 MoCl5–graphite intercalation compounds (MoCl5–GIC’s) were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). On large intercalated domains, a superstructure was found, in relation with a modulation of the electronic properties of the first layer of carbon. From that, the structure of the chloride ions layer was discussed and a model including dimer molecules was proposed. At the boundaries between large intercalated and nonintercalated domains, corrugations were observed along certain crystallographic directions of graphite. Their morphology was studied in detail at atomic scale and formation mechanisms were proposed. Small intercalated domains were also observed. Their shapes were irregular but their boundaries were clear cut.

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