Critical scattering function in a binary fluid mixture: A study of sodium-deuteroammonia solution at the critical concentration by small-angle neutron scattering

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 4696-4708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Damay ◽  
Françoise Leclercq ◽  
Pierre Chieux
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Binary Fluid

scholarly journals Contrast variation by dynamic nuclear polarization and time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering. I. Application to industrial multi-component nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2036-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Noda ◽  
Satoshi Koizumi ◽  
Tomomi Masui ◽  
Ryo Mashita ◽  
Hiroyuki Kishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Ternary Mixture ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Contrast Variation

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at low temperature (1.2 K) and high magnetic field (3.3 T) was applied to a contrast variation study in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) focusing on industrial rubber materials. By varying the scattering contrast by DNP, time-of-flight SANS profiles were obtained at the pulsed neutron source of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The concentration of a small organic molecule, (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yl)oxy (TEMPO), was carefully controlled by a doping method using vapour sorption into the rubber specimens. With the assistance of microwave irradiation (94 GHz), almost full polarization of the paramagnetic electronic spin of TEMPO was transferred to the spin state of hydrogen (protons) in the rubber materials to obtain a high proton spin polarization (PH). The following samples were prepared: (i) a binary mixture of styrene–butadiene random copolymer (SBR) with silica particles (SBR/SP); and (ii) a ternary mixture of SBR with silica and carbon black particles (SBR/SP/CP). For the binary mixture (SBR/SP), the intensity of SANS significantly increased or decreased while keeping itsqdependence forPH= −35% orPH= 40%, respectively. Theqbehaviour of SANS for the SBR/SP mixture can be reproduced using the form factor of a spherical particle. The intensity at lowq(∼0.01 Å−1) varied as a quadratic function ofPHand indicated a minimum value atPH= 30%, which can be explained by the scattering contrast between SP and SBR. The scattering intensity at highq(∼0.3 Å−1) decreased with increasingPH, which is attributed to the incoherent scattering from hydrogen. For the ternary mixture (SBR/SP/CP), theqbehaviour of SANS was varied by changingPH. AtPH= −35%, the scattering maxima originating from the form factor of SP prevailed, whereas atPH= 29% andPH= 38%, the scattering maxima disappeared. After decomposition of the total SANS according to inverse matrix calculations, the partial scattering functions were obtained. The partial scattering function obtained for SP was well reproduced by a spherical form factor and matched the SANS profile for the SBR/SP mixture. The partial scattering function for CP exhibited surface fractal behaviour according toq−3.6, which is consistent with the results for the SBR/CP mixture.

Small Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Blends of Protonated Linear Polystyrene with Crosslinked Deuterated Polystyrene

1989 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Briber ◽  
Barry J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Divinyl Benzene

ABSTRACTSmall angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to study the scattering function and thermodynamics of blends of linear protonated polystyrene (PSH) and crosslinked deuterated polystyrene (PSD). Two series of samples were synthesized. In both cases the samples were made by dissolving the linear PSH in deuterated (d8) styrene monomer containing a small amount of divinyl benzene as a crosslinker which was then polymerized to form the PSD network around the linear PSH chains. The samples were all made at a concentration of 50/50 by weight PSD/PSH. A special effort was made to keep the samples single phase so that SANS could be used to study the thermodynamics of the system and compare with theory. This entailed working at relatively low crosslink densities (<1 mole % crosslink units). Series 1 is a set of samples with the same crosslink density varying the length of the linear chain. Series 2 is a set of samples containing the same length linear chain varying the crosslink density systematically. By extrapolating S(q) obtained from SANS to q=O the zero angle scattering, S(O), was obtained. S(O) is inversely proportional to the second derivative of the free energy with respect to composition, ∂2 (Δf/kT)/∂ø2. Assuming additivity of the free energies of mixing and elasticity, the portion of the zero angle scattering due to elasticity is calculated.

STRUCTURE ANALYSES OF SWOLLEN RUBBER–CARBON BLACK SYSTEMS BY USING CONTRAST VARIATION SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikihito Takenaka ◽  
Shotaro Nishitsuji ◽  
Naoya Amino ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishikawa ◽  
Daisuke Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Adsorption Layer ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Contrast Variation ◽  
Polymer Layers

Abstract In a previous study [Takenaka et al., Macromolecules 42, 308 (2009)], we have investigated the polymer layers absorbed on silica (Si) particles in rubber–Si systems with the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) method. We have investigated the polymer layers absorbed on carbon black (CB) particles in rubber–CB systems with contrast variation SANS method. The scattering intensities of specimens swollen by the solvents having various scattering length densities were measured. The contrast variation SANS for the specimens yielded partial scattering functions: the scattering function for polymer–polymer correlation SPP(q), the scattering function for CB–CB correlation SCC(q), and the scattering function for polymer–CB correlation SPC(q). The analyses of SCC(q) explored the structures of the aggregates formed by CB particles. The analyses of SPC(q) and SCC(q) clarified the existence of dense polymer layers around CB aggregates. Several characteristic parameters are estimated from the analyses, such as the size of aggregates, the thickness of layers, and the volume fractions of polymer layers and matrix. We found that the adsorption layer around CB aggregates is thicker than that around Si aggregates in rubber–Si systems.

Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Critical Binary Fluids in Porous Glasses

1989 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Dierker ◽  
P. Wiltzius
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Static Structure Factor ◽  
Static Structure ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Neutron Scattering Study ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTWe present small angle neutron scattering measurements of the static structure factor S(q) of the binary fluid mixture water-lutidine imbibed into the porous glass Vycor as a function of temperature and composition. S(q) changes from a Lorentzian in the one phase region to a Lorentzian squared at the random field transition. The correlation length increases from ∼ 20 A in the one phase region to to ∼ 52 Å (≈ pore diameter) in the frozen domain state.

Microstructure of die-cast alloys Mg–Zn–Al(–Ca): a study by electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vogel ◽  
Oliver Kraft ◽  
Peter Staron ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Rainer Rauh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Die Cast ◽  
Cast Alloys
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