New model for thermal effects in photoelectron spectroscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 4492-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
New Model

On the Thermal Effects in a Warp Beam (A Wound-Yarn-Package)

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
S. K. Batra ◽  
D. S. Lee ◽  
S. Backer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
New Model ◽  
Cylindrically Anisotropic

The development of the stress field in a cylindrically-wound-yarn-package with side flanges (warp beams), during winding, can be predicted [6] using Beddoe’s [4] cylindrically anisotropic continuum model. This model is extended to account for the temperature effects observed during prolonged storage of the beams. The results predicted by the new model compare well with the experimental observations.

A thermomechanical model for saturated soil at small and large strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zhou ◽  
C.W.W. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Stress Path ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Shear Behaviour ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Bounding Surface ◽  
Thermomechanical Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Small Strains ◽  
Thermomechanical Behaviour

Many elastoplastic models have been developed for simulating thermomechanical behaviour of saturated soil. Although the yield surface of these models shrinks with temperature, its shape is always assumed to be independent of temperature. This simplification may induce errors in predicting thermal effects on shear behaviour. Furthermore, existing models tend to focus on thermomechanical behaviour at large strains. Behaviour such as the degradation of the shear modulus with strain at small strains (<1%) is often ignored. To address these issues, a new thermomechanical model is developed using the bounding surface plasticity theory. Both the size and shape of the bounding surface are allowed to change with temperature. The new model is able to predict elastoplastic response of saturated soil at small strains, even when stress path is within the bounding surface. Using this new model, thermomechanical behaviour of four different soils having different overconsolidation ratios is simulated. Comparisons between measured and computed results reveal that the new model is able to capture many vital aspects of thermomechanical behaviour, including volume changes during heating and cooling, and thermal effects on drained and undrained shear behaviour. In particular, it predicts a gradual degradation of the shear modulus at small strains. By incorporating thermal effects on the shape of the bounding surface, the modelling of thermomechanical behaviour, especially the effective stress path during undrained shearing, is improved.

New Model for a Pd-Doped SnO2-Based CO Gas Sensor and Catalyst Studied by Online in-Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (43) ◽  
pp. 21258-21263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancheng Li ◽  
Chunsheng Shen ◽  
Guoguang Wu ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Zhongmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
New Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Gas Sensor ◽  
Co Gas

Thermal effects in FeCl3-doped poly(3-hexylthiophene), and a blend with poly(ethylenevinylacetate), studied by optical absorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-O. Nilsson ◽  
G. Gustafsson ◽  
O. Inganäs ◽  
K. Uvdal ◽  
W.R. Salaneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
X Ray

Anomalous thermal effects in photoelectron spectroscopy of d-band metals

Vacuum ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 831-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mȧrtensson ◽  
P.-O. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Effects

The Hitachi Model HS-8 Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
H. Akabori ◽  
K. Nishiwaki ◽  
K. Yoneta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Model ◽  
Predecessor Model

By improving the predecessor Model HS- 7 electron microscope for the purpose of easier operation, we have recently completed new Model HS-8 electron microscope featuring higher performance and ease of operation.

Thermal Considerations in Lens Regulator Systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
K.C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Reference Networks ◽  
Better Than

Thermal effects in lens regulator systems have become a major problem with the extension of electron microscope resolution capabilities below 5 Angstrom units. Larger columns with immersion lenses and increased accelerating potentials have made solutions more difficult by increasing the power being handled. Environmental control, component choice, and wiring design provide answers, however. Figure 1 indicates with broken lines where thermal problems develop in regulator systemsExtensive environmental control is required in the sampling and reference networks. In each case, stability better than I ppm/min. is required. Components with thermal coefficients satisfactory for these applications without environmental control are either not available or priced prohibitively.

Preferential Sputtering of Ni3Al Single Crystals Studied Using Atom-Probe Field-Ion Microscopy and XPS

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
M.P. Thomas ◽  
A.R. Waugh ◽  
M.J. Southon ◽  
Brian Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
Preferential Sputtering ◽  
Argon Ion Bombardment ◽  
Argon Ion

It is well known that ion-induced sputtering from numerous multicomponent targets results in marked changes in surface composition (1). Preferential removal of one component results in surface enrichment in the less easily removed species. In this investigation, a time-of-flight atom-probe field-ion microscope A.P. together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS have been used to monitor alterations in surface composition of Ni3Al single crystals under argon ion bombardment. The A.P. has been chosen for this investigation because of its ability using field evaporation to depth profile through a sputtered surface without the need for further ion sputtering. Incident ion energy and ion dose have been selected to reflect conditions widely used in surface analytical techniques for cleaning and depth-profiling of samples, typically 3keV and 1018 - 1020 ion m-2.

Spatially Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Recent Progress and Future Plans

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
A. M. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Orbital Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Koopmans Theorem ◽  
Surface Analytical Technique

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) was not developed by Siegbahn and co-workers as a surface analytical technique, but rather as a general probe of electronic structure and chemical reactivity. The method is based on the phenomenon of photoionisation: The absorption of monochromatic radiation in the target material (free atoms, molecules, solids or liquids) causes electrons to be injected into the vacuum continuum. Pseudo-monochromatic laboratory light sources (e.g. AlKα) have mostly been used hitherto for this excitation; in recent years synchrotron radiation has become increasingly important. A kinetic energy analysis of the so-called photoelectrons gives rise to a spectrum which consists of a series of lines corresponding to each discrete core and valence level of the system. The measured binding energy, EB, given by EB = hv−EK, where EK is the kineticenergy relative to the vacuum level, may be equated with the orbital energy derived from a Hartree-Fock SCF calculation of the system under consideration (Koopmans theorem).

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