scholarly journals Quantifying nonequilibrium thermodynamic operations in a multiterminal mesoscopic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hajiloo ◽  
Rafael Sánchez ◽  
Robert S. Whitney ◽  
Janine Splettstoesser
Keyword(s):  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Mesoscopic System

Two scales of quantum effects in a mesoscopic system of degenerate electrons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei E. Kuratov ◽  
Dmitry S. Shidlovski ◽  
Sergei I. Blinnikov ◽  
Sergey Yu. Igashov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Mesoscopic System

scholarly journals High-enthalpy hypersonic flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. S. Shang ◽  
Hong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Hypersonic Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Hypersonic Flows ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Flow Theories

Abstract Nearly all illuminating classic hypersonic flow theories address aerodynamic phenomena as a perfect gas in the high-speed range and at the upper limit of continuum gas domain. The hypersonic flow is quantitatively defined by the Mach number independent principle, which is derived from the asymptotes of the Rankine-Hugoniot relationship. However, most hypersonic flows encounter strong shock-wave compressions resulting in a high enthalpy gas environment that always associates with nonequilibrium thermodynamic and quantum chemical-physics phenomena. Under this circumstance, the theoretic linkage between the microscopic particle dynamics and macroscopic thermodynamics properties of gas is lost. When the air mixture is ionized to become an electrically conducting medium, the governing physics now ventures into the regimes of quantum physics and electromagnetics. Therefore, the hypersonic flows are no longer a pure aerodynamics subject but a multidisciplinary science. In order to better understand the realistic hypersonic flows, all pertaining disciplines such as the nonequilibrium chemical kinetics, quantum physics, radiative heat transfer, and electromagnetics need to bring forth.

QCD as a Mesoscopic System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus Verbaarschot
Keyword(s):  
Mesoscopic System

scholarly journals Nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations of black holes

1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2052-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pavón ◽  
J. M. Rubí
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic

scholarly journals Pinching a glass reveals key properties of its soft spots

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5228-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Rainone ◽  
Eran Bouchbinder ◽  
Edan Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Density Of States ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Glass Physics ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Key Questions

It is now well established that glasses feature quasilocalized nonphononic excitations—coined “soft spots”—, which follow a universal ω4 density of states in the limit of low frequencies ω. All glass-specific properties, such as the dependence on the preparation protocol or composition, are encapsulated in the nonuniversal prefactor of the universal ω4 law. The prefactor, however, is a composite quantity that incorporates information both about the number of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations and their characteristic stiffness, in an apparently inseparable manner. We show that by pinching a glass—i.e., by probing its response to force dipoles—one can disentangle and independently extract these two fundamental pieces of physical information. This analysis reveals that the number of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations follows a Boltzmann-like law in terms of the parent temperature from which the glass is quenched. The latter, sometimes termed the fictive (or effective) temperature, plays important roles in nonequilibrium thermodynamic approaches to the relaxation, flow, and deformation of glasses. The analysis also shows that the characteristic stiffness of quasilocalized nonphononic excitations can be related to their characteristic size, a long sought-for length scale. These results show that important physical information, which is relevant for various key questions in glass physics, can be obtained through pinching a glass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document