New Treatment of the Auger Effect and the Fluorescence Yield in the Lighter Elements

1955 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rubenstein ◽  
J. N. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Auger Effect

Some Consequences of the Auger Effect: Fluorescence Yield, Charge Potential, and Energy Imparted

1987 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Charlton ◽  
E. Pomplun ◽  
J. Booz
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Charge Potential ◽  
Auger Effect

scholarly journals The relativistic theory of the auger effect

1936 ◽  
Vol 153 (880) ◽  
pp. 661-682 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Spin Interaction ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Conversion Coefficients ◽  
Auger Effect ◽  
Theoretical Results

In a recent paper by one of us the theory of the auger effect has been discussed and calculations carried out of the magnitude of the X-ray K series fluorescence yield for elements of atomic number low enough to justify the neglect of relativistic effects. The comparison of these theoretical results with experiment revealed effects. The comparison of these theoretical results with experiment revealed sufficiently good agreement to justify the extension of the theory to elements of high atomic number by taking account of relativistic effects. As the Auger effect is capable of direct and accurate experimental investigation any appreciable relativistic modification could be tested quantitatively. Such a test is of special importance owing to the somewhat meagre experimental evidence for the quantitative validity of Dirac's equations of the electron applied to atomic phenomena. Thus the predicted polarization of an electron beam on double scattering by heavy nuclei has received no experimental confirmation, and the theory has not provided exact agreement with the observed values of the internal conversion coefficients for γ-rays. On the other hand, the conspicuous success of the theory in its application to the fine structure of atomic spectra, the scattering of hard γ-radiation, and to pair formation in general makes it difficult to believe it can be markedly incorrect. Moreover, as the auger effect is concerned with the interaction of two electrons it can only be dealt with relativistically by an extension of Dirac's theory to two electrons. No exact method of doing this has as yet been discovered, but Mϕller, by a correspondence principle method, has obtained a relativistically invariant formula for the probability of transitions involving two electrons-including retardation effects and spin-spin interaction-which may be expected to hold to a first approximation. Comparison of observed auger coefficients with those calculated using Mϕller's formula thus provide a test, not only of Dirac's one-electron theory, but also of its extension in the first approximation to two electrons.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

New Treatment for Addicted Mothers

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Luthar ◽  
N. E. Suchman
Keyword(s):  
New Treatment
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