Biological Effects of Gamma-Rays

1931 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
W. G. Whitman ◽  
M. A. Tuve
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biological Effects

scholarly journals Evaluation of radioprotective effect of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in the survival of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera, Anobìidae) irradiated with 60Co

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson C. Barros ◽  
Kayo Okazaki ◽  
Valter Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Radioprotective Properties

ABSTRACTWe investigated the presence of natural radioprotectors in food using a new technical modality that utilizes the insect Lasioderma serricorne as a radiosensitivity bioindicator to check radioprotection properties in minimally processed chickpeas. The insects were obtained from the entomological biotherium of the Laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment of CENA-USP. They were fed with an experimental diet and just when the first generation hatched completely, the experiments were conducted. The randomly chosen control diet, consisted of three parts of wheat germ, one part of brewer’s yeast, and a slice of French bread toasted in an oven previously set up for humidity control. The diet of chickpeas consists only of whole grains crushed in a mechanical grinder to obtain flour. The result was significant for the survival of insects (p<0.0001) reared on a diet of chickpeas compared to those reared on control diet irradiated with gamma rays from 60Co in the range of 5.0 to 1500 Gy. We presented statistical evidence that the chickpea diet has radioprotective properties in the insect for gamma rays.SUMMARY STATEMENTThe study is important because it shows that chickpea has protective properties against ionizing radiation, how to act against its biological effects and minimize them.

scholarly journals The physical basis of the biological effects of high voltage radiations

1934 ◽  
Vol 146 (859) ◽  
pp. 867-879 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Electron Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complex Manner

Although both the physical properties of penetrating X-rays and gamma rays and their biological effects have been carefully studied, the mechanism of the action of the rays is little known. The question of the relative effects of the same absorbed energy per cubic centimetre of tissues when different wave-lengths are used is a particularly important and obscure one. The present paper is attempt to apply recent theories of high-speed electron production to this problem. Radiations, such a high voltage X-rays or gamma rays, on suffering real absorption give rise to high speed negative electrons, either in photoelectric absorption whereby nearly the whole of the quantum is transferred to the electron, or in a Compton recoil process in which only part of the energy is transferred. The mean fraction given to the electrons rises gradually as the radiations become more penetrating. The relative importance of these two types of process varies in a complex manner with the wave-length and absorbing materials, but in this paper it is proposed to confine discussion to the absorption of “hard” radiations in light elements, of which living materials are mostly constructed.

Burns by Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Alcocer ◽  
Priscilla Alcocer ◽  
Carlos Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Diagnostic Equipment ◽  
Nonionizing Radiation

Abstract This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of non-ionizing radiation such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: X-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, radiofrequency. There are numerous biological issues in the case of tissues, the ionizing radiation (ionizing particles and electromagnetic radiation: X-rays, gamma rays and high energy ultraviolet) can cause damage mainly in the DNA. This can cause mutations in its genetic code and cancer 5. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protections against both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

A Difference between Biological Effects of Gamma Rays and Heavy Ions

Science ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 132 (3436) ◽  
pp. 1311-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hutchinson ◽  
S. S. Easter
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Biological Effects

Effects of Gamma-Rays on Solutions of Sodium Deoxyribonucleate: Possible Chemical Mechanism for their Biological Effects

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 176 (4489) ◽  
pp. 919-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. COX ◽  
W. G. OVEREND ◽  
A. R. PEACOCKE ◽  
S. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Mechanism

scholarly journals Flying Without a Net: Space Radiation Cancer Risk Predictions without a Gamma-Ray Basis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A Cucinotta
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Prediction Approach

It is well known that the spatial distribution of ionization in cells and tissue from heavy ions and other high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation leads to qualitative and quantitative differences in biological effects compared to low LET radiation such as gamma-rays. However, models used to estimate risks involve extensive use of gamma-ray data, including low LET radiation epidemiology, the role of gamma-rays in estimates of quality factors (QF), and the dose and dose-rate reduction effectiveness factor (DDREF). In tumor induction studies, high LET radiation typically have demonstrable dose responses in many animal strains and tissue, while gamma-ray exposures often lead to a weak or poorly determined dose response at low to moderate doses (<2 Gy) leading to large uncertainties in QF estimates. Here we consider an alternate risk prediction approach, avoiding low epidemiology, the QF and DDREF, by formulating a fluence based track structure model of excess relative risk (ERR) with parameters estimated from animal studies with heavy ions and neutrons for the induction for lung and breast cancer in females and liver cancer in males. The ERR model is applied directly with cancer rates for the US population to predict lifetime risks to astronauts at solar minimum. Results for male liver and female breast cancer risk show that the ERR model agrees fairly well with estimates of a QF model with estimates of non-targeted effects (NTE), and is about 2-fold higher than the QF model that ignores NTE. The effective damage area derived by the ERR model for breast and liver tumors is several times that of a mammalian cell nucleus, which suggests NTE likely contribute to cancer risk. For female lung cancer risk, the ERR model predicts 2-fold and 5-fold lower risk compared to the QF models with or without NTE, respectively. We suggest that the direct ERR approach when coupled with improved experimental models of tissue specific cancers representing human risks would lead to large reductions in the uncertainties in space radiation risk projections by avoiding low LET uncertainties.

On the possible gamma-ray source in Cygnus

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
J. G. Duthie ◽  
M. P. Savedoff ◽  
R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Right Ascension

A source of gamma rays has been found at right ascension 20h15m, declination +35°, with an uncertainty of 6° in each coordinate. Its flux is (1·5 ± 0·8) x 10-4photons cm-2sec-1at 100 MeV. Possible identifications are reviewed, but no conclusion is reached. The mechanism producing the radiation is also uncertain.

Solar Flare Energetic Neutral Emission Measurements in the Project Coronas-I

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
J. Baláž ◽  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
M. A. Kovalevskaya ◽  
K. Kudela ◽  
S. N. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Solar Neutron ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractThe experiment SONG (SOlar Neutron and Gamma rays) for the low altitude satellite CORONAS-I is described. The instrument is capable to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection in the energy range 0.1 – 100 MeV as well as detection of neutrons with energies above 30 MeV. As a by-product, the electrons in the range 11 – 108 MeV will be measured too. The pulse shape discrimination technique (PSD) is used.

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