The Auditory Masking of One Pure Tone by Another and its Probable Relation to the Dynamics of the Inner Ear

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wegel ◽  
C. E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Probable Relation

Non-simultaneous auditory masking in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
A. N. Popper ◽  
N. L. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Noise Pulse ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Tone Pulse

Auditory thresholds were determined for 500 HZ pure tone pulses of 15, 25 and 50 ms duration presented leading, following or simultaneously with noise pulses of 50 or 250 ms duration. Masking by the noise decreased: (i) with an increase in tone pulse duration; (ii) with a shortening of the noise pulse duration; and (iii) as the interval between tone and noise pulses was increased from 0 to 350 ms. The effect of the noise was independent of whether the noise led or followed the pure tone. It is suggested that the most significant factor affecting masking was the duration of the interval between tone and noise, and that the site for the interactions between signals is central to the inner ear.

Prognosis of Inner Ear Periphery and Central Vestibular Plasticity in Sudden Deafness with Vertigo

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Kitahara ◽  
Noriaki Takeda ◽  
Suetaka Nishiike ◽  
Shin-Ichi Okumura ◽  
Takeshi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Vestibular Neurectomy ◽  
Canal Paresis ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Caloric Tests

Objectives: We sought to elucidate the clinical problems and otopathology of patients with sudden deafness with vertigo (SDV). Methods: In 24 patients with SDV who had significant canal paresis (CP) at their first visit to our hospital between 1997 and 2001, we examined pure tone audiograms, caloric tests, and several questionnaires twice, at the first visit within 5 days after the onset and around 2 years after steroid therapy. Results: These examinations revealed that improvements of auditory and vestibular function in patients with SDV tended to be correlated with one another. Sixteen of the 24 patients (66.7%) still had CP. This rate in SDV was significantly worse than that reported previously for vestibular neuritis (VN). On the other hand, patients with SDV with long-lasting CP had a faster reduction of head-shaking afternystagmus and of handicaps in their everyday life due to dizziness than did patients with VN and CP. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SDV may deteriorate the inner ear function more severely but accelerate the central vestibular compensation more effectively than VN after the lesion. It is well known that vestibular neurectomy causes much more severe motion-induced dizziness after surgery than does labyrinthectomy. Taken together, these findings suggest different regions of damage in SDV (mainly the labyrinth, as in labyrinthectomy) and VN (mainly the ganglion, as in vestibular neurectomy).

The prognostic influence of pre-surgery bone conduction values on the improvement of hearing in patients treated surgically as a result of middle-ear conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Job ◽  
Jacek Składzień
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Middle Ear Mechanics ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Mechanical Influence

Background The influence of the mechanics of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear has been studied for many years. Among surgeries performed in the middle-ear area, those restoring full functionality of the system transmitting sound inside the middle ear may be pointed out as those fully restoring the mechanical influence of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear. Aim: The aim of the performed analysis is to find the prognostic importance of measured pre-surgery values of bone conduction on the improvement of hearing in patients operated as a result of middle-ear disorders. Methods The analysis included 271 patients hospitalised and operated on due to otosclerosis or perforation of the tympanic membrane between 2016 and 2019. Only patients who had not had a surgical operation within the middle ear prior to the study were included. An audiological assessment was performed with the use of pure tone thresholds audiometry. Results A beneficial influence of the performed surgery on the improvement of bone conduction was observed in patients, in which the average threshold value of bone conduction measured before the surgery did not exceed 40 dB. In cases of the perceptive component of hearing impairment being higher than 40 dB, no statistically significant, beneficial influence of a performed stapedotomy or myringoplasty on the change of bone conduction thresholds was observed. Conclusion The perception component of hearing impairment up to 40 dB indicates bone conduction improvement after surgical restoration of the influence of middle-ear mechanics on the inner ear in patients treated as a result of otosclerosis, as well as of eardrum perforation.

scholarly journals Audiological and Vestibular Functions in Patients With Lateral Semicircular Canal Dysplasia and Aplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Kwak ◽  
Min Ki Kim ◽  
Sung Huhn Kim ◽  
Jinsei Jung
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Lateral Semicircular Canal ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Horizontal Canal ◽  
Canal Paresis ◽  
Bilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Ear Anomalies

Objectives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate audiologic and vestibular functions in patients with lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) dysplasia/aplasia.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of a patients with LSCC dysplasia and aplasia at tertiary referral center. The subjects included 15 patients with LSCC dysplasia or aplasia, with or without combined inner ear anomalies. Medical history, temporal bone computed tomography scans, pure-tone audiograms, and vestibular function test results were analyzed.Results. LSCC anomaly was identified in 15 patients (20 ears). Nine patients had unilateral LSCC dysplasia only and showed a mean pure-tone average of 45.5±28.7 dB, while three patients (33.3%) among them had normal hearing. Six patients had bilateral LSCC dysplasia/aplasia combined with other inner ear anomalies and profound bilateral hearing loss. Notably, only four out of 15 patients (26.7%) had dizziness symptoms. On caloric test, patients with isolated LSCC dysplasia showed a 51.8%±29.3% level of canal paresis (eight out of nine patients showed anomalies), whereas patients with bilateral LSCC dysplasia/aplasia presented bilateral vestibular loss. One patient with isolated LSCC underwent video-head impulse test; horizontal canal gain decreased to 0.62 (17% asymmetry) and anterior canal gain was 0.45 (52.6% asymmetry), whereas posterior canal gain was normal.Conclusion. Bilateral LSCC dysplasia/aplasia is comorbid with other inner ear anomalies and presents as profound bilateral hearing loss and vestibulopathy. In contrast, isolated unilateral LSCC dysplasia presents as ipsilateral horizontal canal paresis. Hearing function in isolated LSCC dysplasia is usually, but not always, impaired with varying severity.

The Use of a Robot to Insert an Electrode Array of Cochlear Implants in the Cochlea: A Feasibility Study and Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sébastien Barriat ◽  
Nicolas Peigneux ◽  
Unal Duran ◽  
Severine Camby ◽  
Philippe P. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Electrode Arrays

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cochlear implants (CIs) are commonly used for the rehabilitation of profound bilateral hearing loss. However, patients with substantial residual acoustic hearing are potential CI candidates. Because of both improvements in technology and advancements in surgical techniques, it may be possible to preserve hearing to some extent. For more than a decade, it has been suggested that robots are used to perform middle ear surgery. We evaluated the use of the RobOtol® otologic robot specifically to insert CI electrodes into the inner ear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> CI surgery with the conventional approach was performed under general anesthesia. The MED-El Flex 24-electrode array was inserted using RobOtol®. Video recordings were used to calculate the speed of insertion. The positions of the electrodes were evaluated using a cone beam CT. All subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry tests before and after surgery, and the pure-tone average (PTA) was calculated from 250 to 4,000 Hz. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The robot inserted implants in 5 patients, and complete insertion of the electrode array was achieved. The speed of insertion of the electrode array was 0.88 ± 0.12 mm/s. The mean loss of the PTA for 5 frequencies (250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz) was 13.60 ± 7.70 dB. Only 1 patient showed a loss of the PTA by &#x3e;20 dB. For these 5 patients, the cone beam CT findings showed that all the electrode arrays were in the tympanic ramp and had a grade of 0. The results were compared with those obtained from a cohort of 17 patients who underwent manual implantation of a MED-El Flex 24-electrode array. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> To minimize disturbance to the cochlea while atraumatic electrode arrays are inserted, electrodes can be inserted at a constant, slow speed in the inner ear with the assistance of the RobOtol® robot in a normal clinical surgical setting.

Effects of Glycerol Test on Resonance Frequency in Patients with Ménière’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Isilay Oz ◽  
Evren Hizal ◽  
Osman Halit Cam ◽  
Levent Naci Ozluoglu
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Meniere's Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Menière's Disease ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Ménière's Disease ◽  
Glycerol Test

Objective: To evaluate resonance frequency (RF) values via dehydration effects in the inner ear caused by the glycerol test, which is used as a diagnostic method for Ménière’s disease (MD). Methods: Twenty adult patients with unilateral MD were included in the study. Before, and then at 1, 2, and 3 h after administration of glycerol (1 g/kg), pure-tone hearing levels (125–8,000 kHz) and multifrequency tympanometry tests were performed. As a control, the RF values of the ears of 25 healthy subjects (i.e., 50 ears) were compared to the affected and unaffected ears in the 20 MD patients. Results: There was a significant difference between the RF values of affected and healthy ears before glycerol administration (p = 0.047). The RF values before and after glycerol administration into affected ears were compared. The average RF values decreased significantly from 748.0 ± 402.1 to 808.0 ± 410.1 Hz at 1 h after glycerol intake, and this value increased during the subsequent hours. There were no statistically significant differences between the pure-tone levels before and 1 h after glycerol administration, but a significant decrease was observed at 3 h. Conclusion: We suggest that MD has different inner-ear dynamics and normal RF values when compared to healthy ears. Furthermore, decreased inner ear pressure causes reduction of the mass effect and a stiffening of the annular ligament. We conclude that pre- and post-RF tests should be added to the test battery for diagnosis of MD.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Inner Ear Function During and After Cochlear Implant Insertion Using Electrocochleography

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233121651983356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Haumann ◽  
Marina Imsiecke ◽  
Günther Bauernfeind ◽  
Andreas Büchner ◽  
Victor Helmstaedter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Hearing Preservation ◽  
Residual Hearing ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Electrode Insertion

To preserve residual hearing during cochlear implant (CI) surgery, it is desirable to use intraoperative monitoring of inner ear function (cochlear monitoring), especially during electrode insertion. A promising method is electrocochleography (ECochG). Within this project, the relations between ongoing responses (ORs), recorded extra- and intracochlearly (EC and IC), and preservation of residual hearing were investigated. Before, during, and after insertion of hearing preservation electrodes, intraoperative ECochG recordings were performed EC using a cotton wick electrode and after insertion also IC using the CI electrode (MED-EL) and a research software tool. The stimulation was delivered acoustically using low frequency tone bursts. The recordings were conducted in 10 adult CI recipients. The amplitudes of IC ORs were detected to be larger than EC ORs. Intraoperative EC thresholds correlated highly to preoperative audiometric thresholds at 1000 Hz, IC thresholds highly at 250 Hz and 500 Hz. The correlations of both intraoperative ECochG recordings to postoperative pure tone thresholds were low. When measured postoperatively at the same appointments, IC OR thresholds correlated highly to audiometric pure tone thresholds. For all patients, it was possible to record ORs during or directly after electrode insertion. Consequently, we conclude that we did not observe any cases with severe IC trauma. Delayed hearing loss could not be predicted with our method. Nevertheless, intraoperative ECochG recordings are a promising tool to gain further insight into mechanisms impacting residual hearing. Postoperatively recorded IC OR thresholds seem to be a reliable tool for frequency specific hearing threshold estimation.

Improving Measurement Efficiency of the Inner EAR Scale with Item Response Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jessen ◽  
Andrew D. Ho ◽  
C. Eduardo Corrales ◽  
Bevan Yueh ◽  
Jennifer J. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Psychometric Methods ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Measurement Efficiency

Objectives (1) To assess the 11-item Inner Effectiveness of Auditory Rehabilitation (Inner EAR) instrument with item response theory (IRT). (2) To determine whether the underlying latent ability could also be accurately represented by a subset of the items for use in high-volume clinical scenarios. (3) To determine whether the Inner EAR instrument correlates with pure tone thresholds and word recognition scores. Design IRT evaluation of prospective cohort data. Setting Tertiary care academic ambulatory otolaryngology clinic. Subjects and Methods Modern psychometric methods, including factor analysis and IRT, were used to assess unidimensionality and item properties. Regression methods were used to assess prediction of word recognition and pure tone audiometry scores. Results The Inner EAR scale is unidimensional, and items varied in their location and information. Information parameter estimates ranged from 1.63 to 4.52, with higher values indicating more useful items. The IRT model provided a basis for identifying 2 sets of items with relatively lower information parameters. Item information functions demonstrated which items added insubstantial value over and above other items and were removed in stages, creating a 8- and 3-item Inner EAR scale for more efficient assessment. The 8-item version accurately reflected the underlying construct. All versions correlated moderately with word recognition scores and pure tone averages. Conclusion The 11-, 8-, and 3-item versions of the Inner EAR scale have strong psychometric properties, and there is correlational validity evidence for the observed scores. Modern psychometric methods can help streamline care delivery by maximizing relevant information per item administered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document