Energy Loss and Straggling of High-Energy Muons in NaI (T1)

1967 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Bellamy ◽  
R. Hofstadter ◽  
W. L. Lakin ◽  
J. Cox ◽  
M. L. Perl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
High Energy

Monte Carlo Modelling of Secondary Electron Yield from Rough Surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
John C. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Secondary Electron Yield ◽  
Electron Yield

Monte-Carlo programs are well recognized for their ability to model electron beam interactions with samples, and to incorporate boundary conditions such as compositional or surface variations which are difficult to handle analytically. This success has been especially powerful for modelling X-ray emission and the backscattering of high energy electrons. Secondary electron emission has proven to be somewhat more difficult, since the diffusion of the generated secondaries to the surface is strongly geometry dependent, and requires analytical calculations as well as material parameters. Modelling of secondary electron yield within a Monte-Carlo framework has been done using multiple scattering programs, but is not readily adapted to the moderately complex geometries associated with samples such as microelectronic devices, etc.This paper reports results using a different approach in which simplifying assumptions are made to permit direct and easy estimation of the secondary electron signal from samples of arbitrary complexity. The single-scattering program which performs the basic Monte-Carlo simulation (and is also used for backscattered electron and EBIC simulation) allows multiple regions to be defined within the sample, each with boundaries formed by a polygon of any number of sides. Each region may be given any elemental composition in atomic percent. In addition to the regions comprising the primary structure of the sample, a series of thin regions are defined along the surface(s) in which the total energy loss of the primary electrons is summed. This energy loss is assumed to be proportional to the generated secondary electron signal which would be emitted from the sample. The only adjustable variable is the thickness of the region, which plays the same role as the mean free path of the secondary electrons in an analytical calculation. This is treated as an empirical factor, similar in many respects to the λ and ε parameters in the Joy model.

EXEELFS (Extended Electron Energy Loss Fine Structure) Study of Tin Grown by the DC Sputtering Technique.

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Duarte-Moller A. ◽  
F. Espinosa-Maganña ◽  
R. Martínez-S´anchez ◽  
O. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Titanium Target ◽  
High Voltage Source ◽  
Mechanical Pump

Titanium nitride coatings were grown in a physical vapor deposition system assisted by a direct current reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The vacuum chamber was evacuated with a mechanical pump and cryopump to a base pressure of 10-7 Torr. The Sputtering was performed with a direct current high voltage source (0-1 Kev and 1 A) on a titanium target (99.98% purity). The titanium target was sputtered with a high purity argon -nitrogen mixture. The films were deposited on monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) (111) substrates at different nitrogen partial pressures from 0.08 mTorr to 1.5 mTorr. Total pressure, power applied to target and substrate temperature were keep constant in all the experiments.EXEELFS analysis were done using the standard procedure [1,2]. In this case, we are find that the atomic concentration is in good agreement with the respective established stoichioinetry N/T=0.99. Figure 1 shows the window of high energy loss where appears their respective N K-edge and Ti -L23.

Detectors of Elementary Particles

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Michael E. Peskin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Relativistic Particles

This chapter discusses the detection and measurement of elementary particles. It describes mechanisms of the energy loss of relativistic particles in matter and the use of those mechanisms to create tracking and calorimetric detectors. It then describes detector systems for high-energy particle colliders.

scholarly journals The global geometrical property of jet events in high-energy nuclear collisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yong Chen ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Shan-Liang Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Ben-Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Parton Energy Loss ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Medium Modifications

AbstractWe present the first theoretical study of medium modifications of the global geometrical pattern, i.e., transverse sphericity ($$S_{\perp }$$ S ⊥ ) distribution of jet events with parton energy loss in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In our investigation, POWHEG + PYTHIA is employed to make an accurate description of transverse sphericity in the p + p baseline, which combines the next-to-leading order (NLO) pQCD calculations with the matched parton shower (PS). The Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model of the parton energy loss is implemented to simulate the in-medium evolution of jets. We calculate the event normalized transverse sphericity distribution in central Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC, and give its medium modifications. An enhancement of transverse sphericity distribution at small $$S_{\perp }$$ S ⊥ region but a suppression at large $$S_{\perp }$$ S ⊥ region are observed in A + A collisions as compared to their p + p references, which indicates that in overall the geometry of jet events in Pb + Pb becomes more pencil-like. We demonstrate that for events with 2 jets in the final-state of heavy-ion collisions, the jet quenching makes the geometry more sphere-like with medium-induced gluon radiation. However, for events with $$\ge 3$$ ≥ 3 jets, parton energy loss in the QCD medium leads to the events more pencil-like due to jet number reduction, where less energetic jets may lose their energies and then fall off the jet selection kinematic cut. These two effects offset each other and in the end result in more jetty events in heavy-ion collisions relative to that in p + p.

scholarly journals Jet tomography in high-energy nuclear collisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Wei Zhang ◽  
Guo-Yang Ma ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Sa Wang ◽  
Shan-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Jet Quenching ◽  
Parton Energy Loss ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Jet Observables

When an energetic parton traversing the QCD medium, it may suffer multiple scatterings and lose energy. This jet quenching phenomenon may lead to the suppression of leading hadron productions as well as medium modifications of full jet observables in heavy-ion collisions. In this talk we discuss the nuclear modificationfactors and yield ratios of identified meson such as η, ρ0, φ, ω, and $ K_{\rm{S}}^0 $ as well as π meson at large pT in A+A collisions at the next to-leading order (NLO) with high-twist approach of parton energy loss. Then we discuss a newly developed formalism of combing NLO matrix elements and parton shower (PS) for initial hard production with parton energy loss in the QGP, and its application in investigating massivegauge boson(Z0/W±)tagged jet productions and b $ \bar {b} $ dijet correlations in Pb+Pb at the LHC.

The measured energy loss of high energy electrons in aluminum

1969 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Bumiller ◽  
F. R. Buskirk ◽  
J. N. Dyer ◽  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Measured Energy ◽  
High Energy Electrons
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