scholarly journals Experiments in Binaural Phase Difference Effect with Pure Tones

1920 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Difference Effect

Phase-difference effect in two-color above-threshold ionization

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 3807-3812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianghui Gao ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Panming Fu ◽  
Dong-Sheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Threshold Ionization ◽  
Above Threshold Ionization ◽  
Difference Effect

Measurement method for optical retardation based on the phase difference effect of laser feedback fringes

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Shijie Zhao ◽  
Yidong Tan ◽  
Shulian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Optical Retardation ◽  
Difference Effect

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Subjective Time Preference and Willingness to Pay for an Energy-Saving Durable Good

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Antonides ◽  
Sophia R. Wunderink
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Durable Good ◽  
Discount Function ◽  
Hyperbolic Discount ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Difference Effect ◽  
Better Than

Summary: Different shapes of individual subjective discount functions were compared using real measures of willingness to accept future monetary outcomes in an experiment. The two-parameter hyperbolic discount function described the data better than three alternative one-parameter discount functions. However, the hyperbolic discount functions did not explain the common difference effect better than the classical discount function. Discount functions were also estimated from survey data of Dutch households who reported their willingness to postpone positive and negative amounts. Future positive amounts were discounted more than future negative amounts and smaller amounts were discounted more than larger amounts. Furthermore, younger people discounted more than older people. Finally, discount functions were used in explaining consumers' willingness to pay for an energy-saving durable good. In this case, the two-parameter discount model could not be estimated and the one-parameter models did not differ significantly in explaining the data.

Role of pinnae and head movements in localizing pure tones 1The authors would like to thank Mr. Remi Humbert for implementing the experiment in Turbo Pascal and for his further assistance.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Muller ◽  
Pierre Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Posterior Quadrant ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Pure Tones

Twelve blindfolded subjects localized two different pure tones, randomly played by eight sound sources in the horizontal plane. Either subjects could get information supplied by their pinnae (external ear) and their head movements or not. We found that pinnae, as well as head movements, had a marked influence on auditory localization performance with this type of sound. Effects of pinnae and head movements seemed to be additive; the absence of one or the other factor provoked the same loss of localization accuracy and even much the same error pattern. Head movement analysis showed that subjects turn their face towards the emitting sound source, except for sources exactly in the front or exactly in the rear, which are identified by turning the head to both sides. The head movement amplitude increased smoothly as the sound source moved from the anterior to the posterior quadrant.

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