Coherent Excited States in the Theory of Superconductivity: Gauge Invariance and the Meissner Effect

1958 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

scholarly journals Gauge invariance of color confinement due to the dual Meissner effect caused by Abelian monopoles

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Suzuki ◽  
Masayasu Hasegawa ◽  
Katsuya Ishiguro ◽  
Yoshiaki Koma ◽  
Toru Sekido
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Color Confinement

scholarly journals The Law of Entropy Increase and the Meissner Effect

Entropy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Alexey Nikulov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Joule Heat ◽  
Persistent Current ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Entropy Increase ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

The law of entropy increase postulates the existence of irreversible processes in physics: the total entropy of an isolated system can increase, but cannot decrease. The annihilation of an electric current in normal metal with the generation of Joule heat because of a non-zero resistance is a well-known example of an irreversible process. The persistent current, an undamped electric current observed in a superconductor, annihilates after the transition into the normal state. Therefore, this transition was considered as an irreversible thermodynamic process before 1933. However, if this transition is irreversible, then the Meissner effect discovered in 1933 is experimental evidence of a process reverse to the irreversible process. Belief in the law of entropy increase forced physicists to change their understanding of the superconducting transition, which is considered a phase transition after 1933. This change has resulted to the internal inconsistency of the conventional theory of superconductivity, which is created within the framework of reversible thermodynamics, but predicts Joule heating. The persistent current annihilates after the transition into the normal state with the generation of Joule heat and reappears during the return to the superconducting state according to this theory and contrary to the law of entropy increase. The success of the conventional theory of superconductivity forces us to consider the validity of belief in the law of entropy increase.

scholarly journals Gauge Invariance and the Meissner Effect

1959 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Fukuda ◽  
Yasushi Wada ◽  
Shuichi Otake
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Meissner Effect

scholarly journals Gauge Invariance in the Theory of Superconductivity

1959 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Blatt ◽  
Takeo Matsubara ◽  
Robert M. May
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

Gauge invariance in the theory of superconductivity

1958 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pines ◽  
J. R. Schrieffer
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

scholarly journals Entropy generation and momentum transfer in the superconductor–normal and normal–superconductor phase transformations and the consistency of the conventional theory of superconductivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 1850158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Zero Entropy ◽  
First Order Phase ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

Since the discovery of the Meissner effect, the superconductor to normal (S–N) phase transition in the presence of a magnetic field is understood to be a first-order phase transformation that is reversible under ideal conditions and obeys the laws of thermodynamics. The reverse (N–S) transition is the Meissner effect. This implies in particular that the kinetic energy of the supercurrent is not dissipated as Joule heat in the process where the superconductor becomes normal and the supercurrent stops. In this paper, we analyze the entropy generation and the momentum transfer between the supercurrent and the body in the S–N transition and the N–S transition as described by the conventional theory of superconductivity. We find that it is not possible to explain the transition in a way that is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics unless the momentum transfer between the supercurrent and the body occurs with zero entropy generation, for which the conventional theory of superconductivity provides no mechanism. Instead, we point out that the alternative theory of hole superconductivity does not encounter such difficulties.

Meissner Effect and Gauge Invariance

1958 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rickayzen
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Meissner Effect

Penetration Depth in Anyon Superconductivity on Torus

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261
Author(s):  
Amir Abbas Farajian ◽  
Ali Akbar Babaei Brojeny
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
Bulk Superconductors ◽  
London Theory ◽  
State Configuration

We present a model for studying the Meissner effect in anyon superconductivity on torus. By obtaining the explicit forms of screening currents for different geometries of external magnetic fields, we calculate the penetration depth and its dependence on relevant parameters. We find a difference between our model and London theory of bulk superconductors. This can be traced back to the two-dimensional character of electric charge carriers that obey anyonic statistics. Our calculations show that for ground state configuration the fractional statistical nature of carriers is washed out of the final results, whereas for excited states the screening currents — and hence the penetration depth — explicitly depend on the fractional phase of the model.

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