Measuring Intrinsic Optical Signals from Mammalian Nerve Terminals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (12) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot072355-pdb.prot072355
Author(s):  
B. M. Salzberg ◽  
M. Muschol ◽  
P. Kosterin ◽  
A. L. Obaid
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

Presynaptic origin of penicillin afterdischarges at mammalian nerve terminals

1977 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Noebels ◽  
David A. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

Two-Photon Excitation of Potentiometric Probes Enables Optical Recording of Action Potentials From Mammalian Nerve Terminals In Situ

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1545-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. N. Fisher ◽  
Jonathan R. Barchi ◽  
Cristin G. Welle ◽  
Gi-Ho Kim ◽  
Paul Kosterin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Mammalian Nerve ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

We report the first optical recordings of action potentials, in single trials, from one or a few (∼1–2 μm) mammalian nerve terminals in an intact in vitro preparation, the mouse neurohypophysis. The measurements used two-photon excitation along the “blue” edge of the two-photon absorption spectrum of di-3-ANEPPDHQ (a fluorescent voltage-sensitive naphthyl styryl-pyridinium dye), and epifluorescence detection, a configuration that is critical for noninvasive recording of electrical activity from intact brains. Single-trial recordings of action potentials exhibited signal-to-noise ratios of ∼5:1 and fractional fluorescence changes of up to ∼10%. This method, by virtue of its optical sectioning capability, deep tissue penetration, and efficient epifluorescence detection, offers clear advantages over linear, as well as other nonlinear optical techniques used to monitor voltage changes in localized neuronal regions, and provides an alternative to invasive electrode arrays for studying neuronal systems in vivo.

scholarly journals Antibodies to synaptic vesicles purified from Narcine electric organ bind a subclass of mammalian nerve terminals.

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Hooper ◽  
S S Carlson ◽  
R B Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

Antibodies were raised in rabbits to synaptic vesicles purified to homogeneity from the electric organ of Narcine brasiliensis, a marine electric ray. These antibodies were shown by indirect immunofluorescence techniques to bind a wide variety of nerve terminals in the mammalian nervous system, both peripheral and central. The shared antigenic determinants are found in cholinergic terminals, including the neuromuscular junction, sympathetic ganglionic and parasympathetic postganglionic terminals, and in those synaptic areas of the hippocampus and cerebellum that stain with acetylcholinesterase. They are also found in some noncholinergic regions, including adrenergic sympathetic postganglionic terminals, the peptidergic terminals in the posterior pituitary, and adrenal chromaffin cells. They are, however, not found in many noncholinergic synapse-rich regions. Such regions include the molecular layer of the cerebellum and those laminae of the dentate gyrus that receive hippocampal associational and commissural input. We conclude that one or more of the relatively small number of antigenic determinants in pure electric fish synaptic vesicles have been conserved during evolution, and are found in some but not all nerve terminals of the mammalian nervous system. The pattern of antibody binding in the central nervous system suggests unexpected biochemical similarities between nerve terminals heretofore regarded as unrelated.

scholarly journals The mechanism of action of β-bungarotoxin at the presynaptic plasma membrane

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rugolo ◽  
J O Dolly ◽  
D G Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Synaptosomal Plasma Membrane ◽  
Presynaptic Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

The beta-bungarotoxin-induced depolarization of the synaptosomal plasma membrane monitored by the efflux of 86Rb+ is potentiated by raising the albumin in the incubation, is Ca2+-dependent and is due neither to inhibition of the (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase nor to activation of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel. Occupancy of the beta-bungarotoxin-binding site by dendrotoxin inhibits partially the action of beta-bungarotoxin. The efflux of 86Rb+ is parallelled by a release of lactate dehydrogenase from the synaptosome, and the two processes are maximal with 2 nM-toxin. Digitonin induces a release of 86Rb+ and lactate dehydrogenase closely similar to that seen with beta-bungarotoxin. It is concluded that the toxicity of beta-bungarotoxin for mammalian nerve terminals can be largely accounted for by specific site-directed phospholipase A2-induced permeabilization of the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Large and rapid changes in light scattering accompany secretion by nerve terminals in the mammalian neurohypophysis.

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Salzberg ◽  
A L Obaid ◽  
H Gainer
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation

Large changes in the opacity of the unstained mouse neurohypophysis follow membrane potential changes known to trigger the release of peptide hormones. These intrinsic optical signals, arising in neurosecretory terminals, reflect variations in light scattering and depend upon both the frequency of stimulation and [Ca2+]o. Their magnitude is decreased in the presence of Ca2+ antagonists and by the replacement of H2O in the medium by D2O. These observations suggest a correspondence between the intrinsic optical changes and secretory activity in these nerve terminals.

scholarly journals A Mechanical Spike Accompanies the Action Potential in Mammalian Nerve Terminals

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3122-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Kim ◽  
P. Kosterin ◽  
A.L. Obaid ◽  
B.M. Salzberg
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Mammalian Nerve

Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multi-Color Confocal Microscopic Datasets: Automated Light Microscopic Discrimination of Synaptic Relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
M Wessendorf ◽  
A Beuning ◽  
D Cameron ◽  
J Williams ◽  
C Knox
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Assisted Analysis

Multi-color confocal scanning-laser microscopy (CSLM) allows examination of the relationships between neuronal somata and the nerve fibers surrounding them at sub-micron resolution in x,y, and z. Given these properties, it should be possible to use multi-color CSLM to identify relationships that might be synapses and eliminate those that are clearly too distant to be synapses. In previous studies of this type, pairs of images (e.g., red and green images for tissue stained with rhodamine and fluorescein) have been merged and examined for nerve terminals that appose a stained cell (see, for instance, Mason et al.). The above method suffers from two disadvantages, though. First, although it is possible to recognize appositions in which the varicosity abuts the cell in the x or y axes, it is more difficult to recognize them if the apposition is oriented at all in the z-axis—e.g., if the varicosity lies above or below the neuron rather than next to it. Second, using this method to identify potential appositions over an entire cell is time-consuming and tedious.

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