Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM)

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (23) ◽  
pp. pdb.caut2642-pdb.caut2642
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Tetramethylrhodamine Methyl Ester

scholarly journals Feasibility of Photodynamic Therapy for Glioblastoma with the Mitochondria-Targeted Photosensitizer Tetramethylrhodamine Methyl Ester (TMRM)

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Alex Vasilev ◽  
Roba Sofi ◽  
Stuart J. Smith ◽  
Ruman Rahman ◽  
Anja G. Teschemacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Rat Astrocytes ◽  
Cyclase Activator ◽  
Tetramethylrhodamine Methyl Ester

One of the most challenging problems in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is the highly infiltrative nature of the disease. Infiltrating cells that are non-resectable are left behind after debulking surgeries and become a source of regrowth and recurrence. To prevent tumor recurrence and increase patient survival, it is necessary to cleanse the adjacent tissue from GBM infiltrates. This requires an innovative local approach. One such approach is that of photodynamic therapy (PDT) which uses specific light-sensitizing agents called photosensitizers. Here, we show that tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), which has been used to asses mitochondrial potential, can be used as a photosensitizer to target GBM cells. Primary patient-derived GBM cell lines were used, including those specifically isolated from the infiltrative edge. PDT with TMRM using low-intensity green light induced mitochondrial damage, an irreversible drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and led to GBM cell death. Moreover, delayed photoactivation after TMRM loading selectively killed GBM cells but not cultured rat astrocytes. The efficacy of TMRM-PDT in certain GBM cell lines may be potentiated by adenylate cyclase activator NKH477. Together, these findings identify TMRM as a prototypical mitochondrially targeted photosensitizer with beneficial features which may be suitable for preclinical and clinical translation.

The Effect of Some Synthetic Arginyl and Lysyl Compounds on Clotting and Fibrinolysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J Weinstein ◽  
R. F Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thrombin Activation

SummaryThe effects of a number of synthetic arginyl- and lysyl-compounds on clotting and fibrinolysis have been studied. The lysyl derivatives had no significant effect on the clotting of recalcified plasma or recalcified euglobulin preparations, but tosyllysine (TL) and tosyllysine methyl ester (TLME) were very effective inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Certain arginyl-peptides (in particular, tosylarginylsarcosine methyl ester) were very effective at delaying clotting in these systems. These same substances gave rise to an exaggerated thrombin production, however, evidently by interfering with the natural thrombin activation of plasma antithrombin(s).

Activity of Plasmin and Streptokinase-Activator on Substituted Arginine and Lysine Esters

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 018-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sherry ◽  
Norma Alkjaersig ◽  
A. P Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryComparative studies have been made of the esterase activity of plasmin and the streptokinase-activator of plasminogen on a variety of substituted arginine and lysine esters. Human plasmin preparations derived by different methods of activation (spontaneous in glycerol, trypsin, streptokinase (SK) and urokinase) are similar in their esterase activity; this suggests that the molecular structure required for such esterase activity is similar for all of these human plasmins. Bovine plasmin, on the other hand, differs from human plasmin in its activity on several of the substrates studied (e.g., the methyl esters of benzoyl arginine and tosyl, acetyl and carbobenzoxy lysine), a finding which supports the view that molecular differences exist between the two animal plasmins. The streptokinase-activator hydrolyzes both arginine and lysine esters but the ratios of hydrolytic activity are distinct from those of plasmin and of other activators of plasminogen. The use of benzoyl arginine methyl ester as a substrate for the measurement of the esterase activity of the streptokinase-activator is described.

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