scholarly journals Training with inedible food in Aplysia causes expression of C/EBP in the buccal but not cerebral ganglion

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levitan ◽  
L. C. Lyons ◽  
A. Perelman ◽  
C. L. Green ◽  
B. Motro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion

LIM kinase-1 in the cerebral ganglion of Drosophila with genetic disturbances of kynurenine balance

2008 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Lopatina ◽  
T. G. Zachepilo ◽  
E. V. Savvateeva-Popova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Lim Kinase ◽  
Lim Kinase 1

Putative neuroendocrine cells in the Aplysia cerebral ganglion

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Soinila ◽  
George J. Mpitsos
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells

Rhythmic changes in the serotonin content of the brain and eyestalk of crayfish during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2823-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Castanon-Cervantes ◽  
B. Battelle ◽  
M.L. Fanjul-Moles
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The present study investigated developmental circadian changes in the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in two structures proposed to contain pacemakers in crayfish Procambarus clarkii: the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks. Crayfish (N=260) from three developmental stages were divided into two groups: (1) animals subjected to 12 h:12 h light:dark cycles for 10 days and (2) animals treated as described above, then exposed to 72 h of continuous dim light. Crayfish from both groups were killed at different times of day, and the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks of each were assayed for 5-HT by reversed-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. In all stages of development, 5-HT content (expressed as (μ)g g(−)(1)wet mass tissue) showed circadian variations in both structures analyzed; rhythms continued to free-run under constant illumination, and total 5-HT content was higher in the brain (0.581+/−0.36 (μ)g g(−)(1); mean +/− s.e.m.) than in the eyestalks (0.299+/−0.15 (μ)g g(−)(1)). As development advances, the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 24 h diminishes, while the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 9 to 12 h increases. This seems to indicate that pulsatile variations in 5-HT content are superimposed in a circadian component. The relationship between the 5-HT rhythm and electroretinogram and motor activity rhythms during development is discussed.

scholarly journals Lifelong neurogenesis in the cerebral ganglion of the Chinese mud snail,Cipangopaludina chinensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e00652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Swart ◽  
Amelia Wattenberger ◽  
Amy Hackett ◽  
Danielle Isaman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Mud Snail

Head Movements in Flies (Calliphora) Produced by Deflexion of the Halteres

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. SANDEMAN ◽  
H. MARKL
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
One To One

1. The heads of resting flies will twitch to the side if the haltere is deflected rapidly forwards. Head movements are always away from the stimulated haltere and do not occur if the haltere is deflected up, down or backwards. 2. The anatomy and action of the neck muscles is described. 3. Cobalt fills of the whole haltere nerve show that the sensory axons project to the neuropiles of the ipsi- and contralateral pro- and mesothoracic neuropiles, to the ipsilateral metathoracic neuropiles and to the cerebral ganglion. 4. Cobalt fills of the nerves to the neck muscles and from the prosternal organs show that the central projections of these nerves end in the ipsilateral prothoracic neuropile. 5. Recordings from the motoneurones to the neck muscles show that they are phasically activated by forward deflexion of the halteres after a latency of 2.5–3 ms. Spikes in the motoneurones follow the vibration of the haltere, one to one, up to 200 Hz. 6. Recordings from the ipsilateral mesothoracic wing nerve (N. alae) show two large units which respond after a 2.5–3 ms latency to forward deflexion of the halteres. 7. Behavioural observations of walking flies show that the presence or absence of halteres has a small but nevertheless significant effect on the animals' ability to detect angular accelerations during walking or to orient with respect to gravity.

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