scholarly journals PCR analysis of the H ferritin multigene family reveals the existence of two classes of processed pseudogenes.

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Quaresima ◽  
M T Tiano ◽  
A Porcellini ◽  
P D'Agostino ◽  
M C Faniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multigene Family ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes

scholarly journals One of the tightly clustered genes of the mouse surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3898-3905 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Huxley ◽  
T Williams ◽  
M Fried
Keyword(s):  
Multigene Family ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Basic Polypeptide

The mouse surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes (Surf-1, -2, and -4) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of Surf-1 and Surf-2 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of Surf-2 and Surf-4 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, Surf-3, which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of Surf-3 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of Surf-1. Transcription of Surf-3 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic mouse DNA fragment, containing the Surf-3 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. Surf-3 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 amino acids, which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% Arg plus Lys). The other members of the Surf-3 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed.

scholarly journals Processed pseudogenes for rat cytochrome c are preferentially derived from one of three alternate mRNAs.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2279-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Scarpulla
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
Delta G ◽  
Rat Genome

Three cytochrome c mRNAs (1,400, 1,100 and 700 nucleotides) are colinear with RC4, a gene that has introns and correctly encodes cytochrome c. A comparison of RC4 to six nonallelic clones isolated from the rat cytochrome c multigene family demonstrates that all three mRNAs are represented in the genome as processed pseudogenes. Four of the six pseudogenes are derived from the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA, and genomic hybridizations further establish that nearly all of the 30 or so gene family members are also genomic copies of this mRNA despite the equimolar ratio of the three messages in rat tissues. Thus, the surprising multiplicity of cytochrome c sequences in the rat genome is mainly accounted for by the selective use of the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA for the formation of processed pseudogenes. In contrast to 700- and 1,400-nucleotide species which are polyadenylated downstream from AAGUAAA and AAUUAAA, respectively, the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA uses the ubiquitous AAUAAA and also displays a unique stem and loop structure (delta G = -59.4 kJ) centered 37 base pairs upstream from this sequence.

Processed pseudogenes for rat cytochrome c are preferentially derived from one of three alternate mRNAs

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2279-2288
Author(s):  
R C Scarpulla
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
Delta G ◽  
Rat Genome

Three cytochrome c mRNAs (1,400, 1,100 and 700 nucleotides) are colinear with RC4, a gene that has introns and correctly encodes cytochrome c. A comparison of RC4 to six nonallelic clones isolated from the rat cytochrome c multigene family demonstrates that all three mRNAs are represented in the genome as processed pseudogenes. Four of the six pseudogenes are derived from the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA, and genomic hybridizations further establish that nearly all of the 30 or so gene family members are also genomic copies of this mRNA despite the equimolar ratio of the three messages in rat tissues. Thus, the surprising multiplicity of cytochrome c sequences in the rat genome is mainly accounted for by the selective use of the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA for the formation of processed pseudogenes. In contrast to 700- and 1,400-nucleotide species which are polyadenylated downstream from AAGUAAA and AAUUAAA, respectively, the 1,100-nucleotide mRNA uses the ubiquitous AAUAAA and also displays a unique stem and loop structure (delta G = -59.4 kJ) centered 37 base pairs upstream from this sequence.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of a multigene family: An expressed human β-tubulin gene and three processed pseudogenes

Cell ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gwo-Shu Lee ◽  
Sally A. Lewis ◽  
C.Deborah Wilde ◽  
Nicholas J. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Multigene Family ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Tubulin

scholarly journals Stress-Dependent Expression of a Polymorphic, Charged Antigen in the Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4472-4486 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Satish ◽  
Abhijeet A. Bakre ◽  
Sudha Bhattacharya ◽  
Alok Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Stress Dependent

ABSTRACT We have identified a novel stress inducible gene, Ehssp1 in Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. Ehssp1 belongs to a polymorphic, multigene family and is present on multiple chromosomes. No homologue of this gene was found in the NCBI database. Sequence alignment of the multiple copies, and genomic PCR data restricted the polymorphism to the central region of the gene. This region contains a polypurine stretch that encodes a domain rich in acidic and basic amino acids. Under normal culture conditions only one copy of this multigene family is expressed, as observed by Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis. The size of this copy of the gene is 1,077 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 359 amino acids. The polymorphic domain in this copy is 64 nucleotides long. However, on exposure of cells to stress conditions such as heat shock or oxidative stress, multiple polymorphic copies of the gene are expressed, suggesting a possible role of this gene in adaptation of cells to stress conditions. The gene copy expressed under normal conditions, and the expression profile of cells under heat stress was identical in two different strains of E. histolytica tested. Interestingly, the extent of polymorphism in this gene was very less in E. dispar, a nonpathogenic sibling species of E. histolytica. Ehssp1 was found to be antigenic in invasive amebiasis patients.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the phaseolin locus region in Phaseolus vulgaris

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Llaca ◽  
Paul Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Pulsed Field

Phaseolin is the major seed storage protein of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It is encoded by a small multigene family of 6–9 genes that are clustered in a single complex locus (Phs). We have constructed a long-range restriction map of the phaseolin genomic region, including the Phs locus and two flanking marker loci, D1861 and Bng060. Using a combination of high molecular weight DNA isolation, one- and two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of single and double restriction digests followed by Southern hybridization, and PCR analysis of individual fragments, we found that: (i) the maximum size of the Phs locus is 190 kb, (ii) the Phs locus may have increased in size during the evolution of P. vulgaris, (iii) the genomic region marked by D1861–Phs–Bng060 spans 5 cM, which corresponds to a maximum of 1.9 Mb, and (iv) the Phs locus could be oriented with respect to the two adjacent markers. Further progress in determining the gene arrangement in the Phs locus will require cloning and analysis of large DNA fragments containing phaseolin genes via BAC libraries. Key words : multigene family, physical distance, genome mapping, seed protein.

One of the tightly clustered genes of the mouse surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3898-3905
Author(s):  
C Huxley ◽  
T Williams ◽  
M Fried
Keyword(s):  
Multigene Family ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Processed Pseudogenes ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Basic Polypeptide

The mouse surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes (Surf-1, -2, and -4) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of Surf-1 and Surf-2 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of Surf-2 and Surf-4 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, Surf-3, which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of Surf-3 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of Surf-1. Transcription of Surf-3 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic mouse DNA fragment, containing the Surf-3 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. Surf-3 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 amino acids, which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% Arg plus Lys). The other members of the Surf-3 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed.

Characterization of Partial Gene Deletions in Type III von Willebrand Disease with Alloantibody Inhibitors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Mancuso ◽  
Elodee A Tuley ◽  
Ricardo Castillo ◽  
Norma de Bosch ◽  
Pler M Mannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Summaryvon Willebrand factor gene deletions were characterized in four patients with severe type III von Willebrand disease and alloantibodies to von Willebrand factor. A PCR-based strategy was used to characterize the boundaries of the deletions. Identical 30 kb von Willebrand factor gene deletions which include exons 33 through 38 were identified in two siblings of one family by this method. A small 5 base pair insertion (CCTGG) was sequenced at the deletion breakpoint. PCR analysis was used to detect the deletion in three generations of the family, including two family members who are heterozygous for the deletion. In a second family, two type III vWD patients, who are distant cousins, share an -56 kb deletion of exons 22 through 43. The identification and characterization of large vWF gene deletions in these type III vWD patients provides further support for the association between large deletions in both von Willebrand factor alleles and the development of inhibitory alloantibodies.

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