scholarly journals Synthetic Virology: Building Viruses to Better Understand Them

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. a038703
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. tenOever
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Virology

scholarly journals Synthetic virology: engineering viruses for gene delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Guenther ◽  
Brianna E. Kuypers ◽  
Michael T. Lam ◽  
Tawana M. Robinson ◽  
Julia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Synthetic Virology

Synthetic virology: the experts speak

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193
Author(s):  
Laura DeFrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Virology

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Attenuation by Genetic Recoding of Viruses

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro ◽  
Paul D. Bieniasz
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rnase L ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
New Biology ◽  
Attenuated Viruses ◽  
Synthetic Virology

ABSTRACT The development of safe and effective vaccines against viruses is central to disease control. With advancements in DNA synthesis technology, the production of synthetic viral genomes has fueled many research efforts that aim to generate attenuated viruses by introducing synonymous mutations. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying virus attenuation through synonymous mutagenesis is revealing interesting new biology that can be exploited for vaccine development. Here, we review recent advancements in this field of synthetic virology and focus on the molecular mechanisms of attenuation by genetic recoding of viruses. We highlight the action of the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and RNase L, two proteins involved in the inhibition of viruses enriched for CpG and UpA dinucleotides, that are often the products of virus recoding algorithms. Additionally, we discuss current challenges in the field as well as studies that may illuminate how other host functions, such as translation, are potentially involved in the attenuation of recoded viruses.

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