scholarly journals Faecal DNA to the rescue: Shotgun sequencing of non-invasive samples reveals two subspecies of Southeast Asian primates to be Critically Endangered species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andie Ang ◽  
Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽  
Vincent Nijman ◽  
Rudolf Meier ◽  
Amrita Srivathsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Faecal Dna ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

AbstractA significant number of Southeast Asian mammal species described in the 19th and 20th century were subsequently synonymized and are now considered subspecies. Many are affected by rapid habitat loss and there is thus an urgent need to re-assess the conservation status based on species boundaries established with molecular data. However, such data are lacking for many populations and subspecies. We document via a literature survey and empirical study how shotgun sequencing of faecal DNA is a still underutilized but powerful tool for accelerating such evaluations. We obtain 11 mitochondrial genomes for three subspecies in the langur genus Presbytis through shotgun sequencing of faecal DNA (P. femoralis femoralis, P. f. percura, P. siamensis cf. cana). The genomes support the resurrection of all three subspecies to species based on multiple species delimitation algorithms (PTP, ABGD, Objective Clustering) applied to a dataset covering 40 species and 43 subspecies of Asian colobines. For two of the newly recognized species (P. femoralis, P. percura), the results lead to an immediate change in the IUCN status to Critically Endangered due to small population estimates and fragmented habitat. We conclude that faecal DNA should be more widely used for clarifying species boundaries in endangered mammals.

A new critically endangered species of Angraecum (Orchidaceae) endemic to the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Fournel ◽  
Claire Micheneau ◽  
Claudia Baider
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
International Union ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
A New Species

Angraecum jeannineanum, a new species endemic to Mauritius, is described and its ecology and conservation status are discussed. Angraecum jeannineanum differs from A. cadetii, which is the morphologically most closely related species, as follows: (i) leaves are smaller, thicker and darker green, (ii) inflorescences and flowers are thinner and smaller, (iii) flowers are more greenish and non-fleshy. Angraecum jeannineanum belongs to Angraecum section Hadrangis, endemic to the Mascarenes, which also includes A. bracteosum, A. cadetii and A. striatum. An updated key for the section is provided. The species should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This assessment is based on the highly restricted species distribution, small population size, and habitat sustaining degradation by invasive alien plants and animals.

Novelties in Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a new species and a new record

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 510 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES KOLLMANN ◽  
PAULO MINATEL GONELLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Begonia piranga (Begoniaceae) is a new narrowly endemic species from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, a quartzitic massif in Conselheiro Pena, eastern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Description, diagnosis, taxonomic comments, detailed illustrations, field photographs, and a provisional IUCN Red List Assessment are provided. The new species is considered Critically Endangered due to its restricted occurrence in high elevation rock outcrops, small population size, and decline in the quality of the habitat. Begonia vasconcelosiana, another Critically Endangered species, is also newly reported here for Serra do Padre Ângelo. These discoveries add to the increasing list of novelties from Serra do Padre Ângelo, reinforcing the urge for conservation actions to protect the endemic flora of this Serra and other areas of campos rupestres in eastern Minas Gerais state.

scholarly journals A new species of Cochemiea (Cactaceae, Cacteae) from Sinaloa, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leccinum Jesús García Morales ◽  
Rodrigo Homero González González ◽  
Jesús García Jiménez ◽  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

Background and Aims: Cochemiea is a genus which currently comprises five species occurring in Mexico. It is morphologically characterized by cylindrical decumbent to prostrate stems and by a long red-scarlet zygomorphic perianth, presumably specialized for hummingbird pollination. As part ofthe ongoing taxonomic studies on the North Mexican flora, a population discovered by Thomas Linzen in 2012 in central Sinaloa (Mexico), previously identified as Mammillaria sp., actually refers to a Cochemiea species and cannot be ascribed to any of the known species of that genus. As a consequence,we here propose to describe this population as a a new species for science.Methods: The work is based on field surveys (autumn 2018 and spring 2019) in central Sinaloa, examination of herbarium specimens, and analysis of relevant literature. Its conservation status was assessed following the guidelines of the IUCN; AOO and EOO were calculated with the programGeoCAT.Key results: Cochemiea thomasii is described and illustrated from Sinaloa. The new species is morphologically similar to C. halei from which it differs by the hanging stems, the larger conical tubercles, less numerous and shorter central spines, and the ovoid fruits. A diagnostic key of the knownCochemiea species is included.Conclusions: Cochemiea thomasii is endemic to the state of Sinaloa where it occupies a small area. On the basis of the criteria B2a (geographic range) and C (small population) of IUCN, the new species can be assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) or Vulnerable (VU). Adopting the precautionary approach, Cochemiea thomasii is considered as Critically Endangered (CR).

scholarly journals Conservation status and management insights from tracking a cryptic and Critically Endangered species of Orchidaceae

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
T. Kraaij ◽  
J. A. Baard ◽  
B. J. Crain
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

AbstractNinety-five percent of orchid species associated with fynbos shrublands of South Africa's Cape Floristic Kingdom have been assessed for the IUCN Red List, yet aspects of their demography and population biology remain poorly understood. We conducted a 6-year demographic study of the Critically Endangered Disa procera, a cryptic, terrestrial species from South Africa with a global population of c. 50 individuals known from a single location. We aimed to provide management recommendations that would facilitate its persistence. Our findings indicate that the population of D. procera is larger than previously thought, and the species occurs at two distinct locations. These orchids exhibit high interannual variation in population size and turnover of individuals, potentially indicative of a species with a short life span, and still meet the criteria for Critically Endangered status. The species benefits from disturbances, such as brush cutting along trails, or fire, which open up clearances in the vegetation. However, physical damage to plants during their aboveground growing season (September–January) is particularly detrimental and should be avoided in habitat management for the species. Fire had beneficial effects at the population and individual levels and is recommended at 10–25-year intervals, outside the orchid's growing season. The species exhibited comparatively high rates of fruit set (68%), suggesting that pollination limitation does not currently constrain its performance. Its patchy distribution may, however, indicate constraints on dispersal or recruitment. We recommend that management strategies should include continued protection and monitoring of both populations, studies on pollination, habitat requirements and mycorrhizal associates, and a prescribed disturbance regime.

scholarly journals Effects of human disturbance on the mongoose lemur Eulemur mongoz in Comoros: implications and potential for the conservation of a Critically Endangered species

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakri Nadhurou ◽  
Roberta Righini ◽  
Marco Gamba ◽  
Paola Laiolo ◽  
Ahmed Ouledi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Size And Composition

AbstractThe decline of the mongoose lemur Eulemur mongoz has resulted in a change of its conservation status from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Assessing the current threats to the species and the attitudes of the people coexisting with it is fundamental to understanding whether and how human impacts may affect populations. A questionnaire-based analysis was used to study the impact of agriculture and other subsistence activities, and local educational initiatives, on lemur abundance, group size and composition in the Comoros. On the islands of Mohéli and Anjouan we recorded 214 lemurs in 63 groups, the size and composition of which depended both on environmental parameters and the magnitude and type of anthropogenic pressure. There was no evidence of an impact of anthropogenic disturbance on abundance. In contrast, group size and composition were sensitive to human impacts. The most important threats were conflicts related to crop raiding, as well as illegal capture and hunting. The promotion of educational activities reduced the negative impact of hunting and illegal activities. These results highlight a need for urgent conservation measures to protect the species.

scholarly journals A new record of critically endangered Saussurea bogedaensis (Asteraceae) from Dzungarian Gobi, Mongolia

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh ◽  
Nudkhuu Nyamgerel ◽  
Gun-Aajav Bayarmaa ◽  
Batlai Oyuntsetseg ◽  
Khurelpurev Oyundelger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Family

A species in the family Asteraceae, Saussurea bogedaensis, was newly described from Bogeda Mountain in Xinjiang, China and is a critically endangered species in China. Morphological and genetic characteristics confirm the presence of this species in Mongolia, as it was found in Baitag Bogd Mountain (in the Dzungarian Gobi). In addition, the distribution and conservation status of S. bogedaensis are provided.

scholarly journals Conservation status of Mascarene Amaranth Aerva congesta Balf.F. Ex Baker (Eudicots: Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae): a Critically Endangered endemic herb of the Mascarenes, Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 12056
Author(s):  
Kersley Bruno Pynee ◽  
David Harold Lorence ◽  
Poojanraj Khurun
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Mascarene Islands ◽  
Iucn Red List Criteria

Aerva congesta Balf.f. ex Baker (Amaranthaceae), an endemic of Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) is assessed for its conservation status. Considering its local extinction in Rodrigues and very small population in Mauritius, in Round Island and at Gris Gris, south of Mauritius its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 8km².  Due to its small AOO and threats by increasing native vegetation and alien species, A. congesta is evaluated as Critically Endangered following the latest IUCN Red List criteria.  The species needs an urgent well-defined restoration program and ecological studies to prevent its extinction.  

A new species of Rudgea (Palicoureeae, Rubiaceae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 379 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
FILIPE TORRES-LEITE ◽  
CARLA P. BRUNIERA ◽  
DANIELA C. ZAPPI ◽  
TATIANA T. CARRIJO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
A New Species

A new endemic and critically endangered species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae) from Southeastern Brazil is described and illustrated. Rudgea minutifolia Bruniera & Torres-Leite is distinguished by its small leaves, a character found in only a handful of species in this genus. The indumentum of the branches, leaves and stipules, low number of secondary veins, corniculate corolla lobes, and vinaceous to almost black mature fruits are also characteristic of this species. Discovered in a forest remnant within the Atlantic Rainforest domain in the south of Espírito Santo state, this species is found only in the municipality of Castelo, an area that has been recognized as prioritary for conservation. Besides the description, taxonomic comments, conservation status, images and illustrations are provided.

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