scholarly journals Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsina D’Amato ◽  
Lorenzo Di Cesare-Mannelli ◽  
Elena Lucarini ◽  
Angela L. Man ◽  
Gwenaelle Le Gall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Aged Donor

AbstractBackgroundThe gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota are emerging as key players in health and disease. Shifts in intestinal microbiota composition affect a variety of systems, however, evidence of their direct impact on cognitive functions is still lacking. We tested whether faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from aged donor mice into young adult recipients affected the hippocampus, an area of the central nervous system (CNS) known to be affected by the ageing process, and related functions.Methods and FindingsYoung adult mice were transplanted with the microbiota from either aged or age-matched donor mice. Following transplantation, characterization of the microbiotas and metabolomics profiles along with a battery of cognitive and behavioural tests were performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to monitor protein expression in the hippocampus of the recipients. Gut permeability, levels of circulating cytokines and expression of markers of microglia cells were also assessed. FMT from aged donors led to impaired spatial learning and memory in young adult recipients, whereas anxiety, explorative behaviour and locomotor activity remained unaffected. This was paralleled by altered expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Also, a strong reduction of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibaculum, and Ruminococcaceae) and disorders of the CNS (Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was observed. Finally, microglia cells of the hippocampus fimbria, acquired an ageing-like phenotype, while gut permeability and levels of circulating cytokines remained unaffected.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate a direct effect of the age-associated shifts of the microbiota on protein expression and key functions of the central nervous system. Furthermore, these results additionally highlight the paramount importance of the gut-brain axis in ageing and provide a strong rationale to devise therapies aiming to restore a young-like microbiota to improve cognitive functions in the elderly.

scholarly journals Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonsina D’Amato ◽  
Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli ◽  
Elena Lucarini ◽  
Angela L. Man ◽  
Gwenaelle Le Gall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Aged Donor

Abstract Background The gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota are emerging as key players in health and disease. Shifts in intestinal microbiota composition affect a variety of systems; however, evidence of their direct impact on cognitive functions is still lacking. We tested whether faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from aged donor mice into young adult recipients altered the hippocampus, an area of the central nervous system (CNS) known to be affected by the ageing process and related functions. Results Young adult mice were transplanted with the microbiota from either aged or age-matched donor mice. Following transplantation, characterization of the microbiotas and metabolomics profiles along with a battery of cognitive and behavioural tests were performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to monitor protein expression in the hippocampus of the recipients. We report that FMT from aged donors led to impaired spatial learning and memory in young adult recipients, whereas anxiety, explorative behaviour and locomotor activity remained unaffected. This was paralleled by altered expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Also, a strong reduction of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibaculum, and Ruminococcaceae) and disorders of the CNS (Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was observed. Finally, the detrimental effect of FMT from aged donors on the CNS was confirmed by the observation that microglia cells of the hippocampus fimbria, acquired an ageing-like phenotype; on the contrary, gut permeability and levels of systemic and local (hippocampus) cytokines were not affected. Conclusion These results demonstrate that age-associated shifts of the microbiota have an impact on protein expression and key functions of the CNS. Furthermore, these results highlight the paramount importance of the gut-brain axis in ageing and provide a strong rationale to devise therapies aiming to restore a young-like microbiota to improve cognitive functions and the declining quality of life in the elderly.

scholarly journals The Function of Selenium in Central Nervous System: Lessons from MsrB1 Knockout Mouse Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Tengrui Shi ◽  
Jianxi Song ◽  
Guanying You ◽  
Yujie Yang ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Knockout Mouse Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System

MsrB1 used to be named selenoprotein R, for it was first identified as a selenocysteine containing protein by searching for the selenocysteine insert sequence (SECIS) in the human genome. Later, it was found that MsrB1 is homologous to PilB in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is a methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), specifically reducing L-methionine sulfoxide (L-Met-O) in proteins. In humans and mice, four members constitute the Msr family, which are MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3. MsrA can reduce free or protein-containing L-Met-O (S), whereas MsrBs can only function on the L-Met-O (R) epimer in proteins. Though there are isomerases existent that could transfer L-Met-O (S) to L-Met-O (R) and vice-versa, the loss of Msr individually results in different phenotypes in mice models. These observations indicate that the function of one Msr cannot be totally complemented by another. Among the mammalian Msrs, MsrB1 is the only selenocysteine-containing protein, and we recently found that loss of MsrB1 perturbs the synaptic plasticity in mice, along with the astrogliosis in their brains. In this review, we summarized the effects resulting from Msr deficiency and the bioactivity of selenium in the central nervous system, especially those that we learned from the MsrB1 knockout mouse model. We hope it will be helpful in better understanding how the trace element selenium participates in the reduction of L-Met-O and becomes involved in neurobiology.

Nogo-A Represses Anatomical and Synaptic Plasticity in the Central Nervous System

Physiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anissa Kempf ◽  
Martin E. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cns Injury ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Nogo-A was initially discovered as a myelin-associated growth inhibitory protein limiting axonal regeneration after central nervous system (CNS) injury. This review summarizes current knowledge on how myelin and neuronal Nogo-A and its receptors exert physiological functions ranging from the regulation of growth suppression to synaptic plasticity in the developing and adult intact CNS.

Translational control of synaptic plasticity

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Synaptic Strength ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Flow Of Information

Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with which the synapses are stimulated. This modulation of synaptic strength, or synaptic plasticity, probably forms the cellular basis for learning and memory. RNA metabolism, particularly translational control at or near the synapse, is one process that controls long-lasting synaptic plasticity and, by extension, memory formation and consolidation. In the present paper, I review some salient features of translational control of synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Acute Ischemic Stroke as a Presenting Feature of COVID-19 in a Young Adult

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alikhani A ◽  
Azad MAS ◽  
Pakzad A ◽  
Beyzaee AM
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Presentation ◽  
Lung Ct ◽  
Lung Ct Scan

Introduction: Coronavirus primarily affects the respiratory organ and results in respiratory symptoms. However, this newly emergent virus is not entirely known; therefore, not all symptoms are defined yet. Several reports have shown that the virus has a tendency to infect the central nervous system. In this report, we present a patient with COVID-19 and concurrent neurological presentation who was positive for lung CT scan and positive anti-COVID-19 antibody.

scholarly journals Astroglial cradle in the life of the synapse

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1654) ◽  
pp. 20130595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Verkhratsky ◽  
Maiken Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Synaptic Structure ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multiple Molecules ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Astroglial perisynaptic sheath covers the majority of synapses in the central nervous system. This glial coverage evolved as a part of the synaptic structure in which elements directly responsible for neurotransmission (exocytotic machinery and appropriate receptors) concentrate in neuronal membranes, whereas multiple molecules imperative for homeostatic maintenance of the synapse (transporters for neurotransmitters, ions, amino acids, etc.) are shifted to glial membranes that have substantially larger surface area. The astrocytic perisynaptic processes act as an ‘astroglial cradle’ essential for synaptogenesis, maturation, isolation and maintenance of synapses, representing the fundamental mechanism contributing to synaptic connectivity, synaptic plasticity and information processing in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Lipidomic approach in young adult triathletes: effect of supplementation with a polyphenols-rich juice on neuroprostane and F2-dihomo-isoprostane markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4343-4355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Alejandra García-Flores ◽  
Sonia Medina ◽  
Camille Oger ◽  
Jean-Marie Galano ◽  
Thierry Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

With adequate training, our juice rich in polyphenolic compounds has been able to influence the excretion values of oxidative stress biomarkers associated with the central nervous system.

Primary rhabdoid tumor with low grade glioma component of the central nervous system in a young adult

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Endo ◽  
Shunsuke Terasaka ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Hitoshi Ikeda ◽  
Tsutomu Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumor ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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