scholarly journals Summer drought decreases the predictability of local extinctions in a butterfly metapopulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik van Bergen ◽  
Tad Dallas ◽  
Michelle F. DiLeo ◽  
Aapo Kahilainen ◽  
Anniina L. K. Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACTThe ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and/or community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Here, using extensive data of an ecological model system, we test whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. First, we report a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly metapopulation on the Åland islands (Finland). Next, using climatic and satellite data we show that the summer of 2018 was an anomaly in terms of water balance and vegetation productivity indices across the habitats of the butterfly, and demonstrate that population growth rates are strongly associated with spatio-temporal variation in climatic water balance. Finally, we demonstrate that covariates that have previously been identified to impact the extinction probability of local populations in this system are less informative when populations are exposed to (severe) drought during the summer months. Our results highlight the unpredictable responses of natural populations to extreme climatic events.

Reproduction in natural populations of the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest), in central Australia.

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Central Australia

Reproduction in the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufa (Desmarest), in the arid environment of central Australia is highly opportunistic, and depends on the weather through its control of the food supply for its success. This conclusion is based on the study of 460 males and 1610 females between the years 1958 and 1962. Males and females matured sexually at an average age of about 2.5 and 3 yr, respectively. Drought significantly retarded sexual maturity in females by 6.24� 1.26 months. All females bred when green herbage was abundant after good rains. However, when food was scarce during drought, many females entered anoestrus, the proportion doing so being a probit function of the severity of the drought (measured in units of "drought index" explained in the text). Half of them became anoestrous after 3-5 months of drought in summer. Drought on the more scantily grassed of the two areas studied (they were 15-20 miles apart) was 1.57 times more effective in inducing anoestrus than on the other. All pouch-young survived if good conditions held for about 8 months, but many died during drought, the proportion doing so being a probit function of the increase in severity of drought after they were born. Half of them perished after 1.5-2.5 months of drought in summer. Only 28.7% of all joeys born survived life in the pouch because of the prolonged dry weather. Pouch-young were significantly lighter, and joeys-at-heel were 13.5 � 1.9 days older during drought than at other times. The birth of twin joeys was associated with an abundance of food. During severe drought, many females showed signs of having produced in quick succession one or more joeys which did not live long. Many of these females were anoestrous and suckling a small joey. Since most if not all females which became anoestrous did so during late pregnancy without aborting and subsequently suckled their pouch-young, it is suggested that the adaptive significance of delayed implantation is to ensure that females which have lost a joey and which are about to become anoestrous produce one more joey each. These joeys will be born well into any drought and therefore will have to live for a shorter time than older joeys to survive the drought. The advantage to the species can be gauged from the fact that 50 out of 145 females with young surviving the drought were anoestrous. The ages of their joeys averaged 60.1 � 7.6 days.

scholarly journals Investigating the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture and Agricultural Drought towards Supporting Water Resources Management in the Red River Basin of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4926
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Luong ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Hiep ◽  
Thi Hieu Bui
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Red River ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Red River Basin ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The increasing serious droughts recently might have significant impacts on socioeconomic development in the Red River basin (RRB). This study applied the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture in the northeast, northwest, and Red River Delta (RRD) regions of the RRB part belongs to territory of Vietnam. The soil moisture dataset simulated for 10 years (2005–2014) was utilized to establish the soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI) for assessing intensity of agricultural drought. Soil moisture appeared to co-vary with precipitation, air temperature, evapotranspiration, and various features of land cover, topography, and soil type in three regions of the RRB. SMAPI analysis revealed that more areas in the northeast experienced severe droughts compared to those in other regions, especially in the dry season and transitional months. Meanwhile, the northwest mainly suffered from mild drought and a slightly wet condition during the dry season. Different from that, the RRD mainly had moderately to very wet conditions throughout the year. The areas of both agricultural and forested lands associated with severe drought in the dry season were larger than those in the wet season. Generally, VIC-based soil moisture approach offered a feasible solution for improving soil moisture and agricultural drought monitoring capabilities at the regional scale.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation of male sterile frequencies in two natural populations of Beta maritima

Heredity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Boutin-Stadler ◽  
P Saumitou-Laprade ◽  
M Valero ◽  
R Jean ◽  
Ph Vernet
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Beta Maritima ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Caucasian clover performance in a year of severe drought

1998 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
R.N. Watson ◽  
F.J. Neville ◽  
N.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soil ◽  
Summer Growth

In a year of spring-summer drought on a sandy volcanic ash soil, ryegrass/caucasian clover (RG/ CC) and RG/white clover (RG/WC) pastures had similar rapid increases in pasture growth rates during September. Growth rates peaked around 25 October (65-70 kg DM/ha/day) for RG/CC and around 14 October (50-60 kg DM/ha/day) for RG/ WC. As drought intensified the declines in pasture growth rates were similar, but delayed by up to 3 weeks for RG/CC. Both pastures reached minimum summer growth rates of

scholarly journals Verjüngungspotenzial verschiedener Waldföhrenund Fichtenherkünfte bei variabler Trockenheit

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moser ◽  
Marek Metslaid ◽  
Lorenz Walthert ◽  
Ulrich Wasem ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Rhine Valley ◽  
A Minor

Regeneration potential of different Scots pine and Norway spruce provenances under variable drought Rising temperatures will lead to extended periods of summer drought, which may challenge the persistence of Scots pine and Norway spruce in dry alpine valleys where these species play an important role in the protection against natural hazards. We tested whether the natural regeneration of the two species in the Rhine valley near Chur, Switzerland, might be limited under future climatic conditions and we compared the performance of autochthonous provenances with that of seedlings originating from regions with already drier summer climate such as the Rhone valley, continental Eastern Europe or the Mediterranean basin. Seeds of Scots pine and Norway spruce were sown repeatedly in forest clearings at three south-exposed sites in the Rhine valley near Chur, Switzerland. Soil moisture was manipulated to a minor extent with throughfall reduction roofs. In both species, regeneration success was primarily driven by the weather conditions during the three months following seed sowing: the seedlings having emerged in the rainy spring of 2013 had a higher survival rate and accumulated up to five times more aboveground biomass than the seedlings emerging in the dry spring of 2011. In years with an average or even positive water balance, Scots pine seedlings were able to establish at all sites. In Norway spruce, by contrast, establishment rate exceeded 10% of viable seeds only at the site with the highest water retention capacity. In years with a positive water balance during spring, the seedlings from the Rhine and Rhone valleys outperformed those from most Mediterranean and Eastern European provenances, while no differences between provenances were found in the dry spring of 2011. We suggest that periodical regeneration of Scots pine will be likely in the Rhine valley even under future climatic conditions, whereas the establishment of Norway spruce may remain an exceptional event in dry, south-exposed clearings.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal ecological and evolutionary dynamics in natural butterfly populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert ◽  
Lauren Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Long term studies of wild populations indicate that natural selection can cause rapid and dramatic changes in traits, with spatial and temporal variation in the strength of selection a critical driver of genetic variation in natural populations. In 2012, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in populations of the butterfly Lycaeides ideas in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). We aimed to quantify the role of environment-dependent selection on evolution in these populations. Building on previous work, in 2017 we collected new samples, incorporated distance sampling, and surveyed the insect community at each site. We also defined the habitat boundary at anew, eleventh site. Our preliminary analyses suggest that both genetic drift and selection are important drivers in this system.   Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.

Spatio-temporal changes of the climatic water balance in Romania as a response to precipitation and reference evapotranspiration trends during 1961–2013

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Prăvălie ◽  
Adrian Piticar ◽  
Bogdan Roșca ◽  
Lucian Sfîcă ◽  
Georgeta Bandoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Long-term dynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni among Rattus rattus in patchy environment

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Théron ◽  
J. P. Pointier ◽  
S. Morand ◽  
D. Imbert-Establet ◽  
G. Borel
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Patchy Environment ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Spatio Temporal

SUMMARYDynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni were studied during 8 consecutive years among Rattus rattus populations from 8 transmission sites of the marshy forest focus of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). The schistosome population is over-dispersed (k = 0·119) within the murine hosts and ecological factors linked to the patchy environment may be responsible for such aggregated distribution. Analysis of the spatio-temporal variations in prevalences, intensities and abundances showed limited variations of the infection during the 8 years at the level of the whole parasite population but great spatial heterogeneity at the level of local schistosome populations. Inter-populational genetic variability linked to the degree of adaptation of this human parasite to the murine host may explain differences in transmission dynamics between the local populations of S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Summer drought stress: differential effects on cane anatomy and non-structural carbohydrate content in overwintering Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah vines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Falchi ◽  
Elisa Petrussa ◽  
Marco Zancani ◽  
Valentino Casolo ◽  
Paola Beraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Grapevines store non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) during late summer to sustain plant development at the onset of the following spring’s growth. Starch is the main stored carbohydrate, found in the wood-ray parenchyma of roots and canes. Although the relationship between hydraulic and plant photosynthetic performance is well-recognized, little research has been done on the long-term effects of drought in grapevines adopting different strategies to cope with water stress (i.e. isohydric and anisohydric). We performed our study by exposing two different grape cultivars (Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon) to a short but severe drought stress, at two stages of the growing season (July and September). No marked differences in the physiological and hydraulic responses of the two varieties were found, probably due to our experimental conditions. However, anatomical and biochemical characterization of overwintering canes pointed out several interesting outcomes. We found a significant and parallel increase of starch and medullar ray number in both cultivars exposed to early water stress. We hypothesize that stressed vines limited their carbon allocation to growth, while shifting it to starch accumulation, with a most evident effect in the period of intense photosynthetic activity. We also speculate that a different aptitude to osmotic adjustment may underlay variation in starch increase and the specific involvement of bark NSC in the two cultivars.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatiotemporal Variability of Evapotranspiration and Its Governing Factors in a Mountainous Watershed

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tran ◽  
Joseph Rungee ◽  
Boris Faybishenko ◽  
Baptiste Dafflon ◽  
Susan Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
East River ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Elevations

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water balance, which influences hydrometeorology, water resources, carbon and other biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem diversity. This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of ET at the East River watershed in Colorado and analyze the factors that control these variations. ET was acquired using the community land model (CLM) simulations and was compared with the values estimated using Fu’s equation and a watershed-scale water balance equation. The simulation results showed that 55% of annual precipitation in the East River is lost to ET, in which 75% of the ET comes from the summer months (May to September). We also found that the contribution of transpiration to the total ET was ~50%, which is much larger than that of soil evaporation (32%) and canopy evaporation (18%). Spatial analysis indicated that the ET is greater at elevations of 2950–3200 m and lower along the river valley (<2750 m) and at the high elevations (>3900 m). A correlation analysis of factors affecting ET showed that the land elevation, air temperature, and vegetation are closely correlated and together they govern the ET spatial variability. The results also suggested that ET in areas with more finely textured soil is slightly larger than regions with coarse-texture soil. This study presents a promising approach to the assessment of ET with a high spatiotemporal resolution over watershed scales and investigates factors controlling ET spatiotemporal variations.

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