scholarly journals An Epigenetic LTR-retrotransposon insertion in the upstream region of BnSHP1.A9 controls quantitative pod shattering resistance in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Rijin Zhou ◽  
Wenxiang Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Retrotransposon Insertion ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractSeed loss resulting from pod shattering is a major problem in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pod shatter resistance are not well understood. Here we show that the pod shatter resistance at quantitative trait locus, qSRI.A9.1 is controlled by a SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1) paralog in B. napus (BnSHP1.A9). Expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR showed that BnSHP1.A9 was specifically expressed in flower buds, flowers and developing siliques in the oilseed rape line (R1) carrying the qSRI.A9.1 allele with negative effect, but not expressed in any tissue of the line (R2) carrying the positive effect qSRI.A9.1 allele. Transgenic plants constitutively expressing BnSHP1.A9 alleles from pod resistant and pod shattering parental lines showed that both alleles are responsible for pod shattering via promoting lignification of enb layer, which indicated allelic difference of BnSHP1.A9 gene per se is not the causal factor of the QTL. The upstream sequence of BnSHP1.A9 in the promotor region harboring highly methylated long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion (LTR, 4803bp) in R2 repressed the expression of BnSHP.A9, and thus contributed to the positive effect on pod shatter resistance. Genetic and association analysis revealed that the copia LTR retrotransposon based marker BnSHP1.A9-R2 can be used for breeding for pod shatter resistant varieties and reducing the loss of seed yield in oilseed rape.

scholarly journals A copia-like retrotransposon insertion in the upstream region of the SHATTERPROOF1 gene, BnSHP1.A9, is associated with quantitative variation in pod shattering resistance in oilseed rape

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5402-5413
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Rijin Zhou ◽  
Wenxiang Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Quantitative Variation ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Retrotransposon Insertion ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Haploid Population

Abstract Seed loss resulting from pod shattering is a major constraint in production of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pod shatter resistance are not well understood. Here, we show that the pod shatter resistance at quantitative trait locus qSRI.A9.1 is controlled by one of the B. napus SHATTERPROOF1 homologs, BnSHP1.A9, in a doubled haploid population generated from parents designated R1 and R2 as well as in a diverse panel of oilseed rape. The R1 maternal parental line of the doubled haploid population carried the allele for shattering at qSRI.A9.1, while the R2 parental line carried the allele for shattering resistance. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that BnSHP1.A9 was expressed specifically in flower buds, flowers, and developing siliques in R1, while it was not expressed in any tissue of R2. Transgenic plants constitutively expressing either of the BnSHP1.A9 alleles from the R1 and R2 parental lines showed that both alleles are responsible for pod shattering, via a mechanism that promotes lignification of the enb layer. These findings indicated that the allelic differences in the BnSHP1.A9 gene per se are not the causal factor for quantitative variation in shattering resistance at qSRI.A9.1. Instead, a highly methylated copia-like long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion (4803 bp) in the promotor region of the R2 allele of BnSHP1.A9 repressed the expression of BnSHP1.A9, and thus contributed to pod shatter resistance. Finally, we showed a copia-like retrotransposon-based marker, BnSHP1.A9R2, can be used for marker-assisted breeding targeting the pod shatter resistance trait in oilseed rape.

Using novel variation in Brassica species to reduce agricultural inputs and improve agronomy of oilseed rape—a case study in pod shatter resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Morgan ◽  
Adrian Bavage ◽  
Ian Bancroft ◽  
David Bruce ◽  
Robin Child ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Novel Variation

AbstractOilseed rape is a very undeveloped crop with regard to efficiency of production and the agronomic practice used to maximize its potential. The genetic potential to modify oilseed rape is limited by the narrow genetic base found within the breeding gene pool, resulting in limited novel variation available for exploitation. Novel variation is, however, present in wild diploid ancestors of oilseed rape and has been made available by developing synthetic Brassica napus. This is illustrated through the use of this material to develop an understanding of pod shattering which is one of the most agronomically important characteristics of the crop. Through a variety of approaches it is shown how progress has been made to understand this trait and how this understanding is being used to improve the crop such that efficiency of production will be enhanced.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of allopolyploid Brassicas through non-homologous recombination: introgression of resistance to pod shatter in Brassica napus

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Prakash ◽  
V. L. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Seed Fertility ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Regular Meiosis

SummaryPod shattering of rapeseed (Brassica napus) causes serious yield loss. Genetic resistance to shattering has been introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea. This followed from allosyndetic pairing between chromosomes of B and C genomes in the interspecific F1 hybrid, B. juncea × B. napus (2n = 37, AABC). The reconstituted B. napus plant showed regular meiosis with 19 bivalents and had pollen and seed fertility of 84 and 23% respectively. An approach is suggested for achieving introgression from monogenomic diploids to digenomic allopolyploids that exploits non-homologous recombination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Laimis Bauša ◽  
Ernestas Zaleckas
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Net Profit

Shattering of pods of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major cause of seed yield losses prior to and during harvesting. In order to reduce shattering, researchers have been engaged in the development of special preparations that are known as pod sealants (PS). Despite the fact that there are already developed and commercialized PSs that have only been effective on seed yield preservation under certain environmental conditions, there is still a need to create a more versatile and efficient PS. Currently, the most promising method of controlling pod shattering in oilseed rape is the application of our developed novel acrylic- and trisiloxane-based pod sealant (PS4). The effectiveness of PS4 and three commercial pod sealants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) was assessed in this comparative study. By spraying an oilseed rape crop with PS4, natural seed loss can be reduced by 20–70%, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, and loss of seeds during harvest can be reduced by more than three-fold compared with that by the control treatment. Thus, the overall results demonstrated that by applying a novel pod sealant (PS4) to oilseed rape crops 2 weeks before harvest can increase the net profit margin by €30–€150 ha−1. The life cycle assessment showed that during 2014–2016 oilseed rape cultivation, the largest effect on global warming emission (kg CO2 eq) reduction was experimental sealant PS4, i.e., approximately 17% compared to the control.

scholarly journals Screen Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Suitable for Low-Loss Mechanized Harvesting

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Yiren Qing ◽  
Yaoming Li ◽  
Lizhang Xu ◽  
Zheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

The main reason for the massive loss of rapeseed in mechanized harvesting is the mismatch between the harvester requirements and the pod shatter resistance and plant branching characteristics. Low pod resistance, entanglement caused by excessive branches, and inconsistent pod maturity are primary mismatch problems. However, studies on rape characteristics by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy are limited. A total of 15 varieties were planted for research from 2016 to 2018. In this paper, the Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2-DOF) collision method was adopted to evaluate the pod shatter resistance taken from the field, and the plant agronomic characteristics and their correlation were investigated. In 2020, a screened variety of C6009 with higher shatter resistance and suitable plant features for mechanized harvesting was planted in large areas and harvested by machines for verification. The test results demonstrated that the compact plant varieties with high branches might be more favorable for yield and shatter resistance. The field harvest loss of the screened variety was significantly less than that of the control group. It provides a reliable reference for agronomic experts in terms of rape variety improvement and agricultural machinery experts regarding the optimization of rape harvesters.

scholarly journals Fine mapping of the BnaC04.BIL1 gene controlling plant height in Brassica napus L

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Yang ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Shubei Wan ◽  
Weiyan Li ◽  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Protein Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene

Abstract Background Plant height is an important architecture trait which is a fundamental yield-determining trait in crops. Variety with dwarf or semi-dwarf phenotype is a major objective in the breeding because dwarfing architecture can help to increase harvest index, increase planting density, enhance lodging resistance, and thus be suitable for mechanization harvest. Although some germplasm or genes associated with dwarfing plant type have been carried out. The molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) are poorly understood, restricting the progress of breeding dwarf varieties in this species. Here, we report a new dwarf mutant Bndwarf2 from our B. napus germplasm. We studied its inheritance and mapped the dwarf locus BnDWARF2. Results The inheritance analysis showed that the dwarfism phenotype was controlled by one semi-dominant gene, which was mapped in an interval of 787.88 kb on the C04 chromosome of B. napus by Illumina Brassica 60 K Bead Chip Array. To fine-map BnDWARF2, 318 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were designed to uniformly cover the mapping interval. Among them, 15 polymorphic primers that narrowed down the BnDWARF2 locus to 34.62 kb were detected using a F2:3 family population with 889 individuals. Protein sequence analysis showed that only BnaC04.BIL1 (BnaC04g41660D) had two amino acid residues substitutions (Thr187Ser and Gln399His) between ZS11 and Bndwarf2, which encoding a GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3-like). The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the BnaC04.BIL1 gene expressed in all tissues of oilseed rape. Subcellular localization experiment showed that BnaC04.BIL1 was localized in the nucleus in tobacco leaf cells. Genetic transformation experiments confirmed that the BnaC04.BIL1 is responsible for the plant dwarf phenotype in the Bndwarf2 mutants. Overexpression of BnaC04.BIL1 reduced plant height, but also resulted in compact plant architecture. Conclusions A dominant dwarfing gene, BnaC04.BIL1, encodes an GSK3-like that negatively regulates plant height, was mapped and isolated. Our identification of a distinct gene locus may help to improve lodging resistance in oilseed rape.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) pod shatter resistance and its relationship with whole plant and pod characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 113459
Author(s):  
Yiren Qing ◽  
Yaoming Li ◽  
Lizhang Xu ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Xiaoli Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pod Shatter

scholarly journals A plant biostimulant from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Sealicit) reduces podshatter and yield loss in oilseed rape through modulation of IND expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łangowski ◽  
Oscar Goñi ◽  
Patrick Quille ◽  
Pauline Stephenson ◽  
Nicholas Carmody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Dehiscence Zone ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The yield of podded crops such as oilseed rape (OSR) is limited by evolutionary adaptations of the plants for more efficient and successful seed dispersal for survival. These plants have evolved dehiscent dry fruits that shatter along a specifically developed junction at carpel margins. A number of strategies such as pod sealants, GMOs and hybrids have been developed to mitigate the impact of pod shatter on crop yield with limited success. Plant biostimulants have been shown to influence plant development. A challenge in plant biostimulant research is elucidating the mechanisms of action. Here we have focused on understanding the effect of an Ascophyllum nodosum based biostimulant (Sealicit) on fruit development and seed dispersal trait in Arabidopsis and OSR at genetic and physiological level. The results indicate that Sealicit is affecting the expression of the major regulator of pod shattering, INDEHISCENT, as well as disrupting the auxin minimum. Both factors influence the formation of the dehiscence zone and consequently reduce pod shattering. Unravelling the mode of action of this unique biostimulant provides data to support its effectiveness in reducing pod shatter and highlights its potential for growers to increase seed yield in a number of OSR varieties.

scholarly journals QTL Genetic Mapping Study for Traits Affecting Meal Quality in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus L.)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gacek ◽  
Philipp E. Bayer ◽  
Robyn Anderson ◽  
Anita A. Severn-Ellis ◽  
Joanna Wolko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Genetic Mapping Study

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal is an important source of protein, but the presence of anti-nutritional compounds, such as fibre and glucosinolates, still limits its use as a livestock feed. Understanding the genetic basis of seed fibre biosynthesis would help to manipulate its content in seeds of oilseed rape. Here, we applied high-resolution skim genotyping by sequencing (SkimGBS) and characterised 187,835 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across a mapping population subsequently used for a genetic mapping study (R/qtl). This approach allowed the identification of 11 stable QTL related to seed quality traits and led to the identification of potential functional genes underlying these traits. Among these, key genes with a known role in carbohydrate metabolic process, cell wall, lignin, and flavonoid biosynthesis, including cellulase GH5, TT10/LAC15, TT4, and SUC2, were found. This study furthers the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying seed fibre content and provides new markers for molecular breeding in B. napus.

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