scholarly journals Phenotypic and physiological responses to salt exposure in Sorghum reveal diversity among domesticated landraces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Henderson ◽  
Philip M. Crim ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Jennifer S. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Staple Crop

ABSTRACTSoil salinity negatively impacts plant function, development, and yield. Sorghum bicolor is a staple crop known to be drought tolerant, to have adapted to a variety of conditions, and to contain significant standing genetic diversity, making it an exemplary species to study phenotypic and physiological variation in salinity tolerance. In our study, a diverse group of sorghum landraces and accessions was first rank-ordered for salinity tolerance and then individuals spanning a wide range of response were analyzed for foliar proline and ion accumulation. We found that, while proline is often a good indicator of osmotic adjustment and is historically associated with increased salt tolerance, proline accumulation in sorghum reflects stress-response injury rather than acclimation. When combining ion profiles with growth responses and stress tolerance indices, the variation observed in tolerance was similarly not a sole result of Na+ accumulation, but rather reflected accession-specific mechanisms that may integrate these and other metabolic responses. When we compared variation in tolerance to phylogenetic relationships, we conclude that the most parsimonious explanation for the variation observed among accessions is that salinity tolerance was acquired early during domestication and was subsequently maintained or lost in diverged lineages during improvement in areas that vary in soil salinity.

scholarly journals Seedling responses to salinity of 26 Neotropical tree species

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A De Sedas ◽  
Y González ◽  
K Winter ◽  
O R Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
Coastal Species

Abstract Sea-level rise will result in increased salinization of coastal areas. Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that reduces plant growth, yet tolerance to salinity varies across environmental conditions, habitats and species. To determine salinity tolerance of 26 common tropical tree species from Panama, we measured growth, gas exchange and mortality of 3-month-old seedlings subjected to weekly irrigation treatments using five seawater solutions (0 % = control, 20, 40, 60 and 90 % V/V of seawater) for ~2 months. In general, species from coastal areas were more tolerant to increased seawater concentration than inland species. Coastal species such as Pithecellobium unguis-cati, Mora oleifera, Terminalia cattapa and Thespesia populnea maintained growth rates close to those of controls at 90 % seawater. In contrast, inland species such as Minquartia guainensis, Apeiba membranacea, Ormosia coccinea and Ochroma pyramidale showed strong reductions in growth rates and high mortality. Plant height and leaf production also differed greatly between the two groups of plants. Furthermore, measurements of gas exchange parameters, i.e. stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthetic rate, were consistent with the contrasting growth responses of coastal and inland species. Our research reveals a great degree of variation in salinity tolerance among tropical tree species and demonstrates a close relationship between species habitat and the ability to thrive under increasing salt concentration in the soil, with coastal species being better adapted to withstand increased soil salinity than non-costal species.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Fu ◽  
A.J. Koski ◽  
Y.L. Qian
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

Salt problems in turfgrass sites are becoming more common. The effects of mowing management on salinity tolerance are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three mowing regimes on turf quality and growth responses of `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to salinity stress. Sods of `L-93' creeping bentgrass were grown in containers (45 cm long and 10 cm in diameter) in a greenhouse. Treatments included three mowing regimes (clipping three times weekly at 25.4 mm, four times at 12.7 mm, and daily at 6.4 mm) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (control, 5, 10, and 15 dS·m-1). The relationship of increasing soil salinity with increasing irrigation water salinity was linear in each soil layer. Increasing salinity reduced turf quality and clipping yield more severely and rapidly when mowed at 6.4 mm than at 12.7 or 25.4 mm. Regression analysis of soil salinity and turf quality suggested that turf quality of creeping bentgrass mowed to 6.4, 12.7, and 25.4 mm fell to an unacceptable level when soil salinity reached 4.1, 12.5, and 13.9 dS·m-1, respectively. Data on turf quality, clipping yield, and verdure indicated that salinity damage becomes more severe under close mowing conditions and that a moderate increase in mowing height could improve salinity tolerance of creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals The Survival of Haloferax mediterranei under Stressful Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Laura Matarredona ◽  
Mónica Camacho ◽  
Basilio Zafrilla ◽  
Gloria Bravo-Barrales ◽  
Julia Esclapez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Haloarchaea can survive and thrive under exposure to a wide range of extreme environmental factors, which represents a potential interest to biotechnology. Growth responses to different stressful conditions were examined in the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei R4. It has been demonstrated that this halophilic archaeon is able to grow between 10 and 32.5% (w/v) of sea water, at 32–52 °C, although it is expected to grow in temperatures lower than 32 °C, and between 5.75 and 8.75 of pH. Moreover, it can also grow under high metal concentrations (nickel, lithium, cobalt, arsenic), which are toxic to most living beings, making it a promising candidate for future biotechnological purposes and industrial applications. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis quantified the intracellular ion concentrations of these four metals in Hfx. mediterranei, concluding that this haloarchaeon can accumulate Li+, Co2+, As5+, and Ni2+ within the cell. This paper is the first report on Hfx. mediterranei in which multiple stress conditions have been studied to explore the mechanism of stress resistance. It constitutes the most detailed study in Haloarchaea, and, as a consequence, new biotechnological and industrial applications have emerged.

scholarly journals Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Md Sarowar Alam ◽  
Mark Tester ◽  
Gabriele Fiene ◽  
Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.

Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M H Davies ◽  
D W Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Red Meats

It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.

scholarly journals Alarm substance from adult zebrafish alters early embryonic development in offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mourabit ◽  
S. D. Rundle ◽  
J. I. Spicer ◽  
K. A. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alarm Substances

Alarm substances elicit behavioural responses in a wide range of animals but effects on early embryonic development are virtually unknown. Here we investigated whether skin injury-induced alarm substances caused physiological responses in embryos produced by two Danio species ( Danio rerio and Danio albolineatus ). Both species showed more rapid physiological development in the presence of alarm substance, although there were subtle differences between them: D. rerio had advanced muscle contraction and heart function, whereas D. albolineatus had advanced heart function only. Hence, alarm cues from injured or dying fish may be of benefit to their offspring, inducing physiological responses and potentially increasing their inclusive fitness.

scholarly journals Selection of Oily Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Drought Tolerant Lines using Tolerance Indices

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Reza Darvishzadeh ◽  
Ali Soleimani Gezeljeh ◽  
Hadi Ali Pour ◽  
Asa Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Bihamta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Selection Of
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