scholarly journals Temporal Transcriptome and Promoter Architecture of the African Swine Fever Virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenny Cackett ◽  
Dorota Matelska ◽  
Michal Sýkora ◽  
Raquel Portugal ◽  
Michal Malecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Transcription Termination ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Alternative Promoters ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe African Swine Fever Virus causes haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and presents the biggest global threat to animal farming in recorded history. Despite its importance, very little is known the mechanisms and temporal regulation of transcription in ASFV. Here we report the first detailed viral transcriptome analysis of ASFV during early and late infection of Vero cells. In addition to total RNA sequencing, we have characterised the transcription start sites and transcription termination sites at nucleotide-resolution, revealing the distinct DNA consensus motifs of early and late promoters, as well as the sequence determinants for transcription termination. ASFV can utilise alternative promoters to generate distinct proteins from the same transcription unit that differ with respect to the polypeptide N-terminus. Finally, our results reveal that the ASFV-RNAP undergoes transcript slippage at the 5’ end of transcription units that in a promoter sequence-specific manner results in the addition of 5’-AT and 5’-ATAT tails to mRNAs.

scholarly journals Transcriptome view of a killer: African swine fever virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1569-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenny Cackett ◽  
Michal Sýkora ◽  
Finn Werner
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Large Dna Viruses ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Single Nucleotide Resolution

African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a severe threat to global agriculture with the world's domestic pig population reduced by a quarter following recent outbreaks in Europe and Asia. Like other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, ASFV encodes a transcription apparatus including a eukaryote-like RNA polymerase along with a combination of virus-specific, and host-related transcription factors homologous to the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIIB. Despite its high impact, the molecular basis and temporal regulation of ASFV transcription is not well understood. Our lab recently applied deep sequencing approaches to characterise the viral transcriptome and gene expression during early and late ASFV infection. We have characterised the viral promoter elements and termination signatures, by mapping the RNA-5′ and RNA-3′ termini at single nucleotide resolution. In this review, we discuss the emerging field of ASFV transcripts, transcription, and transcriptomics.

scholarly journals The African Swine Fever Virus Transcriptome

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenny Cackett ◽  
Dorota Matelska ◽  
Michal Sýkora ◽  
Raquel Portugal ◽  
Michal Malecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Transcription Termination ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Transcription Start Sites

ABSTRACT African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs, presenting the biggest global threat to animal farming in recorded history. Despite the importance of ASFV, little is known about the mechanisms and regulation of ASFV transcription. Using RNA sequencing methods, we have determined total RNA abundance, transcription start sites, and transcription termination sites at single-nucleotide resolution. This allowed us to characterize DNA consensus motifs of early and late ASFV core promoters, as well as a polythymidylate sequence determinant for transcription termination. Our results demonstrate that ASFV utilizes alternative transcription start sites between early and late stages of infection and that ASFV RNA polymerase (RNAP) undergoes promoter-proximal transcript slippage at 5′ ends of transcription units, adding quasitemplated AU- and AUAU-5′ extensions to mRNAs. Here, we present the first much-needed genome-wide transcriptome study that provides unique insight into ASFV transcription and serves as a resource to aid future functional analyses of ASFV genes which are essential to combat this devastating disease. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes incurable and often lethal hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs. In 2020, ASF presents an acute and global animal health emergency that has the potential to devastate entire national economies as effective vaccines or antiviral drugs are not currently available (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). With major outbreaks ongoing in Eastern Europe and Asia, urgent action is needed to advance our knowledge about the fundamental biology of ASFV, including the mechanisms and temporal control of gene expression. A thorough understanding of RNAP and transcription factor function, and of the sequence context of their promoter motifs, as well as accurate knowledge of which genes are expressed when and the amino acid sequence of the encoded proteins, is direly needed for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

scholarly journals The determinants of African Swine Fever Virus Virulence – the Georgia 2007/1 strain and the host macrophage response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenny Cackett ◽  
Raquel Portugal ◽  
Dorota Matelska ◽  
Linda Dixon ◽  
Finn Werner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Macrophage Response ◽  
Transcription Start Sites ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Cap Analysis

African swine fever virus (ASFV) has a major global economic impact. With a case fatality in domestic pigs approaching 100%, it currently presents the largest threat to animal farming. Although genomic differences between attenuated and highly virulent ASFV strains have been identified the molecular determinants for virulence at the level of gene expression have remained opaque. Here we characterise the transcriptome of ASFV genotype II Georgia 2007/1 (GRG) during infection of the physiologically relevant host cells, porcine macrophages. In this study Cap Analysis Gene Expression sequencing (CAGE-seq) was used to map the 5’ ends of mRNAs at nucleotide resolution, transcription start sites (TSSs) and the global promoter landscape of GRG at early and late times, 5 and 16 hours, post-infection. We then compared transcriptomic maps between the GRG isolate against the lab-attenuated BA71V strain. GRG-specific transcripts identified potential determinants of virulence including members of early expressed multi-gene family members (MGFs), including two we newly characterised in MGF 100 (I7L and I8L). We have importantly shown the response of the host transcriptome to infection, which highlighted a pro-inflammatory immune response with the upregulation of NF-kB activated genes, innate immunity- as well as lysosome components such as S100 proteins.

Genetic markers of the African swine fever virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A.K. Sibgatullova ◽  
◽  
M.E. Vlasov ◽  
I.A. Titov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus

Multigene families in African swine fever virus: family 110.

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 2064-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Almendral ◽  
F Almazán ◽  
R Blasco ◽  
E Viñuela
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Virus Family

GS-441524 inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 105081
Author(s):  
Zhao Huang ◽  
Lang Gong ◽  
Zezhong Zheng ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Xiongnan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus

Adaptation of African swine fever virus to HEK293T cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document