scholarly journals Key ecological parameters of immotile versus locomotive life Фундаментальные экологические параметры неподвижной и передвигающейся жизни

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Gorshkov ◽  
A. M. Makarieva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Live Biomass ◽  
Ecosystem Organization ◽  
The One ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Matter Energy

AbstractPrinciples of stable ecosystem organization are considered together with the role of abundant space, matter and energy in its maintenance. Life features the dichotomy of immotile (sessile, sedentary) organisms like plants, fungi, bacteria, on the one hand, versus organisms capable of active locomotion (animals) on the other. The immotile life can form a continuous live cover on the Earth’s surface. Since all available space is occupied, the immotile life does not experience an affluence of matter, energy and space itself. It turns out that this lack of abundance permits organization, on the basis of immotile organisms, of a stable ecosystem with a steady biomass. This live biomass comprises time-invariable genetic information about how to keep the environment in a stable state by controlling the degree of openness of nutrient cycles. Crucially, depending on their body size, energy and matter consumption by large animals exceed the area-specific fluxes of net primary production and its consumption in the immotile ecosystem by up to three orders of magnitude. The implication is that the herbivorous animals can meet their energy demands if and only if they move and destroy the live biomass of the immotile ecosystem. In consequence, if the immotile heterotrophs are replaced by locomotive heterotrophs, the ecosystem biomass experiences huge fluctuations and the ecosystem loses its capacity to maintain its favorable environment. From available theoretical and empirical evidence we conclude that life’s organization remains stable if the share of consumption by large animals is strictly limited, not exceeding about one per cent of ecosystem net primary production.

Energy and nutrients

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tropical Forest Ecology ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from the perspective of water, energy, and matter flows through ecosystems, particularly forests. Data from the network of eddy flux covariance towers is revealing general patterns in gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production, and exchange. There is also new information on the patterns of net primary production and biomass within the region. In contrast, our understanding of the role of soil nutrients in tropical forest ecology still relies mostly on work done in the Neotropics, with just enough data from Asia to suggest that the major patterns may be pantropical. Nitrogen and phosphorus have received most attention regionally, followed by calcium, potassium, and magnesium, and there has been very little study of the role of micronutrients and potentially toxic concentrations of aluminium, manganese, and hydrogen ions. Animal nutrition has also been neglected.

The Role of Remote Sensing in the Study of Terrestrial Net Primary Production

2007 ◽  
pp. 204-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott V. Ollinger ◽  
Robert N. Treuhaft ◽  
Bobby H. Braswell ◽  
Jeanne E. Anderson ◽  
Mary E. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production

The role of climate variability in the inter-annual variation of terrestrial net primary production (NPP)

2004 ◽  
Vol 332 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Mohamed ◽  
I.S. Babiker ◽  
Z.M. Chen ◽  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Net Primary Production

scholarly journals Missing the forest for the trees: A reappraisal of global seaweed carbon sequestration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barry Gallagher ◽  
Victor Shelamoff ◽  
Cayne Layton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Production ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

AbstractCurrently, global seaweed carbon sequestration estimates are taken as the fraction of the net primary production (NPP) exported to the deep ocean. The implication is that export is equivalent to net ecosystem production (NEP), and sequestration is the fraction of export that survives remineralisation. However, this perspective does not account for CO2 production fuelled by the consumption of coastal and terrigenous subsidies. Here we clarify: i) the role of export relative to seaweed NEP for systems closed and open to subsidies; and ii) the importance of subsidies by compiling published estimates of NEP from seaweed-dominated ecosystems; and iii) discuss their impact on the global seaweed carbon balance and other sequestration constraints as a mitigation service. Literature values of seaweed NEP were sparse (n = 18) and highly variable. Nevertheless, the average NEP (−9.2mmol C m-2 day-1 SE ± 11.6) suggested that seaweed ecosystems are more likely to be a global source of CO2. Moreover, the seaweeds’ global carbon balance became overwhelmingly heterotrophic (−40.6mmol C m-2 day-1) after accounting for the consumption of exported material. Critically, however, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions must be assessed relative to their replacements ecosystems or states. We found replacement ecosystems such as shellfish reefs and turfs were notably more heterotrophic than seaweed systems, whilst urchin barrens were only marginally less than their seaweed counterparts; a ranking that appeared to be sustained after their amount of exported production had been remineralised. However, in circumstances where CO2 is supplied independently of organic metabolism and atmospheric exchange (e.g. upwelling and calcification), we caution the sole reliance on NEP or NPP in mitigation assessments. Nevertheless, a complete metabolic carbon balance relative to replacement states will ensure a more accurate mitigation assessment, one that does not exceed the capacity of these ecosystems.

scholarly journals The role of canopy structural complexity in wood net primary production of a maturing northern deciduous forest

Ecology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady S Hardiman ◽  
Gil Bohrer ◽  
Christopher M Gough ◽  
Christoph S Vogel ◽  
Peter S Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Structural Complexity

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Public Procurement Principles Generated by the Treaty of Rome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Ioan-Gabriel Popa
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
The One

AbstractIn order to understand the principles of public procurement in Romania, it is necessary to analyze, on the one hand, the European directives that regulate the actual public procurement and, on the other hand, the context in which the European directives were adopted. Even with the directives in force, the more general provisions contained in the Treaty of the European Economic Community (EEC) in Rome, hereinafter referred to as the Treaty, are applied, as well as many more general principles of law that will guide the interpretation of these directives. The Treaty was adopted in Rome, in 1957 and became applicable from January 1, 1958. It is considered that the source of the principles of public procurement is the Treaty. Even if in Treaty contained no specific provisions regarding the field of public procurement, it reflects the principles and the general framework for the functioning of the single market, a market characterized through the prism of the fundamental freedoms established by the Treaty: the free movement of goods, services, capital and persons. As the field of public procurement is closely linked to the free movement of goods, this principle is promoted and implemented in the practice of this field based on the regulations, directives and decisions of the Community institutions. The role of the free movement of goods is to harmonize the relationships involved in the process of purchasing goods, but also to ensure the homogeneity, coherence and balance of this process.

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