scholarly journals Geometry and evolution of the ecological niche in plant-associated microbes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Chaloner ◽  
Sarah J. Gurr ◽  
Daniel P. Bebber
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Realized Niche ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Biotic Resource

AbstractThe ecological niche of a species can be conceptualized as a volume in multidimensional space, where each dimension describes an abiotic condition or biotic resource. The shape and size of this volume strongly determines interactions among species and influences their global distribution, but the geometry of the niche is poorly understood. Here, we analyse temperature response functions and host plant ranges for hundreds of fungi and oomycetes. We demonstrate that niche specialization is independent on abiotic and biotic axes, that host interactions restrict fundamental niche breadth to form the realized niche, and that both abiotic and biotic niches show limited phylogenetic constraint. Such niche adaptability makes plant pathogens a formidable threat to agriculture and forestry.

scholarly journals The comparative ecology and biogeography of parasites

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2379-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Poulin ◽  
Boris R. Krasnov ◽  
David Mouillot ◽  
David W. Thieltges
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Comparative Ecology ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Special Case

Comparative ecology uses interspecific relationships among traits, while accounting for the phylogenetic non-independence of species, to uncover general evolutionary processes. Applied to biogeographic questions, it can be a powerful tool to explain the spatial distribution of organisms. Here, we review how comparative methods can elucidate biogeographic patterns and processes, using analyses of distributional data on parasites (fleas and helminths) as case studies. Methods exist to detect phylogenetic signals, i.e. the degree of phylogenetic dependence of a given character, and either to control for these signals in statistical analyses of interspecific data, or to measure their contribution to variance. Parasite–host interactions present a special case, as a given trait may be a parasite trait, a host trait or a property of the coevolved association rather than of one participant only. For some analyses, it is therefore necessary to correct simultaneously for both parasite phylogeny and host phylogeny, or to evaluate which has the greatest influence on trait expression. Using comparative approaches, we show that two fundamental properties of parasites, their niche breadth, i.e. host specificity, and the nature of their life cycle, can explain interspecific and latitudinal variation in the sizes of their geographical ranges, or rates of distance decay in the similarity of parasite communities. These findings illustrate the ways in which phylogenetically based comparative methods can contribute to biogeographic research.

scholarly journals Regenerative niche Malva alcea L. in the Crimean mountains

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Yu. V. Plugatar ◽  
Yu. V. Korzhenevskaya ◽  
A. A. Abramenkov
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Thermal Mode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Realized Niche ◽  
Anionic Composition ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Malva Alcea

The issue of the presence of a regenerative niche Malva alcea, recently discovered on the Ai-Petrinskaya Yila, is being discussed. This species is typical polycarpic grass, rooted, hemicryptophytes with summer-green vegetation type, entomogamous, barohor with generative propagation. The range of Malva alcea covers almost the whole of Europe, includingGreat Britain; it is also found inNorth America. To obtain an ambiguous answer, we used the original program for calculating the packing density of community species on gradients of factor conditions and resource factors: (illumination-shading, thermal mode, ombro mode, cryo mode, continentality, moistening, variability of moisture, substrate acidity, salt regime (anionic composition), carbonate content, nitrogen content, granulometric (mechanical) composition (porosity) of the substrate). Most often, the species can be found in the syntaxons included in the class - Onopordetea acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet 1964 em. Julve 1993, order - Onopordetalia acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet & Tüxen 1943 em. Görs 1966, union - Onopordion acanthii subsp. acanthii Braun-Blanquet 1936, which summarize the thermophilic ruderal communities of tall weed species. Based on the analysis results, it can be stated that the introduced species successfully occupied its ecological niche due to the successful differentiation of its fundamental niche into the realized niche of the existing plant community, as well as due to the availability of free resources in the ecotope, as evidenced by the negative value of the excess coefficient of the packing density curve.

scholarly journals The evolutionary convergence of avian lifestyles and their constrained coevolution with species' ecological niche

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1821) ◽  
pp. 20151808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Laiolo ◽  
Javier Seoane ◽  
Juan Carlos Illera ◽  
Giulia Bastianelli ◽  
Luis María Carrascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Realized Niche ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Species Variability

The fit between life histories and ecological niche is a paradigm of phenotypic evolution, also widely used to explain patterns of species co-occurrence. By analysing the lifestyles of a sympatric avian assemblage, we show that species' solutions to environmental problems are not unbound. We identify a life-history continuum structured on the cost of reproduction along a temperature gradient, as well as habitat-driven parental behaviour. However, environmental fit and trait convergence are limited by niche filling and by within-species variability of niche traits, which is greater than variability of life histories. Phylogeny, allometry and trade-offs are other important constraints: lifetime reproductive investment is tightly bound to body size, and the optimal allocation to reproduction for a given size is not established by niche characteristics but by trade-offs with survival. Life histories thus keep pace with habitat and climate, but under the limitations imposed by metabolism, trade-offs among traits and species' realized niche.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Role of Metabolism in Oomycete–Host Interactions Using Genome-Scale Metabolic Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Y. A. Rodenburg ◽  
Michael F. Seidl ◽  
Dick de Ridder ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Many ◽  
Genome Scale

Metabolism is the set of biochemical reactions of an organism that enables it to assimilate nutrients from its environment and to generate building blocks for growth and proliferation. It forms a complex network that is intertwined with the many molecular and cellular processes that take place within cells. Systems biology aims to capture the complexity of cells, organisms, or communities by reconstructing models based on information gathered by high-throughput analyses (omics data) and prior knowledge. One type of model is a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) that allows studying the distributions of metabolic fluxes, i.e., the “mass-flow” through the network of biochemical reactions. GEMs are nowadays widely applied and have been reconstructed for various microbial pathogens, either in a free-living state or in interaction with their hosts, with the aim to gain insight into mechanisms of pathogenicity. In this review, we first introduce the principles of systems biology and GEMs. We then describe how metabolic modeling can contribute to unraveling microbial pathogenesis and host–pathogen interactions, with a specific focus on oomycete plant pathogens and in particular Phytophthora infestans. Subsequently, we review achievements obtained so far and identify and discuss potential pitfalls of current models. Finally, we propose a workflow for reconstructing high-quality GEMs and elaborate on the resources needed to advance a system biology approach aimed at untangling the intimate interactions between plants and pathogens.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN SELEKSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT DARAH PADA TANAMAN PISANG

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Husda Marwan ◽  
Meity S. Sinaga ◽  
Giyanto Giyanto ◽  
Abdjad Asih Nawangsih
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Blood Disease ◽  
Suppression Test

Blood disease is one of the important diseases of banana in Indonesia. Endophytic bacteria have potencies as candidates of biocontrol agents to blood disease, because the bacteria colonized the same ecological niche with the plant pathogens. This research was conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria from banana root, and study their disease suppression ability to blood disease on banana. Ninety isolates of endophytic bacteria have been isolated from the root of banana. Average population densities of bacteria varied between 6,0 x 103 and 4,2 x 105 cfu/g fresh weight of root. Twenty seven isolates positively produced inhibition zone toward blood disease bacterium. Based on plant growth and disease suppression test, ten isolates promoted the growth of banana plant and four isolates suppressed the incidence of blood disease with ranged from 66,67 to 83,33%.

scholarly journals Research on The Evolution of High-tech Industry Competitiveness in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
LI Yanxia ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Niche Width ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Industry Competitiveness

From the perspective of ecological niche, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry, and analyzes the competitiveness of beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry from the perspectives of niche value, niche width and niche overlap. The results show that :(1) from the perspective of ecological niche, the niche value of the competitiveness of high-tech industries in Beijing, tianjin and hebei does not show an increasing trend with time, and the overall value of the niche is ranked from the largest to the smallest: Beijing, tianjin and hebei.(2) from the niche breadth, beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth range as follows: 0.26-0.83, Beijing niche width of the widest, hebei niche breadth the narrowest, Beijing and tianjin hi-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth value reduced trend on the whole, hebei niche breadth on overall growth trend.

scholarly journals Macroevolutionary pattern of Saussurea (Asteraceae) provides insights into the drivers of radiating diversification

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1962) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jacob B. Landis ◽  
Yanxia Sun ◽  
Huajie Zhang ◽  
Nan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Radiations

Evolutionary radiations have intrigued biologists for more than a century, yet our understanding of the drivers of radiating diversification is still limited. We investigate the roles of environmental and species-intrinsic factors in driving the rapid radiation of Saussurea (Asteraceae) by deploying a number of palaeoenvironment-, diversity- and trait-dependent models, as well as ecological distribution data. We show that three main clades of Saussurea began to diversify in the Miocene almost simultaneously, with increasing diversification rates (DRs) negatively dependent on palaeotemperature but not dependent on species diversity. Our trait-dependent models detect some adaptive morphological innovations associated with DR shifts, while indicating additional unobserved traits are also likely driving diversification. Accounting for ecological niche data, we further reveal that accelerations in DRs are correlated with niche breadth and the size of species' range. Our results point out a macroevolutionary scenario where both adaptive morphological evolution and ecological opportunities provided by palaeoenvironmental fluctuations triggered an exceptionally radiating diversification. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenomic, morphological, ecological and model-based approaches to illustrate evolutionary dynamics of lineages in biodiversity hotspots.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fixation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Its Implications for a New Ecological Niche

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (18) ◽  
pp. 5959-5961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Criminger ◽  
T. H. Hazen ◽  
P. A. Sobecky ◽  
C. R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Nitrogenase Iron Protein

ABSTRACT A Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain isolated from the rhizosphere of the ecosystem dominant estuarine grass, Spartina alterniflora, was characterized and shown to carry nifH, the gene encoding the nitrogenase iron protein, and to fix N2. Nitrogen fixation may contribute substantially to the adaptability, niche breadth, and ecological significance of V. parahaemolyticus.

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