scholarly journals Transneuronal Dpr12/DIP-δ interactions facilitate compartmentalized dopaminergic innervation of Drosophila mushroom body axons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bavat Bornstein ◽  
Idan Alyagor ◽  
Victoria Berkun ◽  
Hagar Meltzer ◽  
Fabienne Reh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Subcellular Resolution ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily Protein

SummaryThe mechanisms controlling wiring of neuronal networks are largely unknown. The stereotypic architecture of the Drosophila mushroom-body (MB) offers a unique system to study circuit assembly. The adult medial MB γ-lobe is comprised of a long bundle of axons that wires with specific modulatory and output neurons in a tiled manner defining five distinct zones. We found that the immunoglobulin superfamily protein Dpr12 is cell-autonomously required in γ-neurons for their developmental regrowth into the distal γ4/5 zones, where both Dpr12 and its interacting protein, DIP-δ, are enriched. DIP-δ functions in a subset of dopaminergic neurons that wire with γ-neurons within the γ4/5 zone. During metamorphosis, these dopaminergic projections arrive to the γ4/5 zone prior to γ-axons, suggesting that γ-axons extend through a prepatterned region. Thus, Dpr12/DIP-δ transneuronal interaction is required for γ4/5 zone formation. Our study sheds light onto molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circuit formation within subcellular resolution.

scholarly journals Selective dendritic localization of mRNA in Drosophila mushroom body output neurons

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mitchell ◽  
Carlas S Smith ◽  
Josh Titlow ◽  
Nils Otto ◽  
Pieter van Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

Memory-relevant neuronal plasticity is believed to require local translation of new proteins at synapses. Understanding this process requires the visualization of the relevant mRNAs within these neuronal compartments. Here we used single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to localize mRNAs at subcellular resolution in the adult Drosophila brain. mRNAs for subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and kinases could be detected within the dendrites of co-labelled Mushroom Body Output Neurons (MBONs) and their relative abundance showed cell-specificity. Moreover, aversive olfactory learning produced a transient increase in the level of CaMKII mRNA within the dendritic compartments of the 52a MBONs. Localization of specific mRNAs in MBONs before and after learning represents a critical step towards deciphering the role of dendritic translation in the neuronal plasticity underlying behavioural change in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Dendritic localization of mRNA in Drosophila Mushroom Body Output Neurons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Mitchell ◽  
Carlas S. Smith ◽  
Josh Titlow ◽  
Nils Otto ◽  
Pieter van Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Subcellular Resolution

AbstractMemory-relevant neuronal plasticity is believed to require local translation of new proteins at synapses. Understanding this process requires the visualization of the relevant mRNAs within these neuronal compartments. Here we used single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to localize mRNAs at subcellular resolution in the adult Drosophila brain. mRNAs for subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and kinases could be detected within the dendrites of co-labelled Mushroom Body Output Neurons (MBONs) and their relative abundance showed cell-specificity. Moreover, aversive olfactory learning produced a transient increase in the level of CaMKII mRNA within the dendritic compartments of the γ5β′2a MBONs. Localization of specific mRNAs in MBONs before and after learning represents a critical step towards deciphering the role of dendritic translation in the neuronal plasticity underlying behavioural change in Drosophila.

scholarly journals Assembly of the Drosophila mushroom body circuit and its regulation by Semaphorin 1a

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Han Lin ◽  
Suewei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Guidance Molecule

SummaryThe Drosophila mushroom body (MB) is a learning and memory center in the fly brain. It is the most extensively studied brain structure in insects, but we know little about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying assembly of its neural circuit. The MB is composed of around 2200 intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs), whose axons are bundled to form multiple MB lobes. The MB lobes are innervated by a large number of extrinsic neurons. Twenty types of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) and 21 types of MB output neurons (MBONs) have been identified. Each type of these extrinsic neurons innervates specific compartments or zones in the MB lobes. Here, we characterize the assembly of the MB circuit and reveal several intriguing features of the process. The DANs and MBONs innervate zones in the MB vertical lobes in specific sequential orders. Innervation of DAN axons in some zones precedes that of MBON dendrites, and vice versa in other zones. MBON and DAN innervations are largely independent of each other. Removing one type of extrinsic neuron during early development has a limited effect on the MB lobe innervations of the other type of extrinsic neurons. However, KC axons are essential for zonal elaboration of DAN axons and MBON dendrites. Competition also exists between MB zones for some MBONs, so when the cognate zones for these MBONs are missing, their dendrites are misdirected to other zones. Finally, we identify Semaphorin 1a (Sema1a) as a crucial guidance molecule for MBON dendrites to innervate specific MB lobe zones. Ectopic expression of Sema1a in some DANs is sufficient to re-direct their dendrites to those zones, demonstrating a potential to rewire the MB circuit. Taken together, our work provides an initial characterization of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MB circuit assembly.

scholarly journals Predictive olfactory learning in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Zhao ◽  
Yves F. Widmer ◽  
Sören Diegelmann ◽  
Mihai A. Petrovici ◽  
Simon G. Sprecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Trace Conditioning ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Olfactory Learning ◽  
Shock Strength ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Kenyon Cells ◽  
Output Neurons

AbstractOlfactory learning and conditioning in the fruit fly is typically modelled by correlation-based associative synaptic plasticity. It was shown that the conditioning of an odor-evoked response by a shock depends on the connections from Kenyon cells (KC) to mushroom body output neurons (MBONs). Although on the behavioral level conditioning is recognized to be predictive, it remains unclear how MBONs form predictions of aversive or appetitive values (valences) of odors on the circuit level. We present behavioral experiments that are not well explained by associative plasticity between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and we suggest two alternative models for how predictions can be formed. In error-driven predictive plasticity, dopaminergic neurons (DANs) represent the error between the predictive odor value and the shock strength. In target-driven predictive plasticity, the DANs represent the target for the predictive MBON activity. Predictive plasticity in KC-to-MBON synapses can also explain trace-conditioning, the valence-dependent sign switch in plasticity, and the observed novelty-familiarity representation. The model offers a framework to dissect MBON circuits and interpret DAN activity during olfactory learning.

Increased rat alveolar macrophage expression of functional iNOS induced by a Dirofilaria immitis immunoglobulin superfamily protein

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amparo Andrade ◽  
Mar Siles-Lucas ◽  
José Luis Pérez Arellano ◽  
Cristina Pou Barreto ◽  
Basilio Valladares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily Protein

scholarly journals Long-term memory requires sequential protein synthesis in three subsets of mushroom body output neurons in Drosophila

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-Kai Wu ◽  
Chu-Yi Tai ◽  
Kuan-Lin Feng ◽  
Shiu-Ling Chen ◽  
Chun-Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Output Neurons

scholarly journals Multimodal integration and stimulus categorization in putative mushroom body output neurons of the honeybee

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin F. Strube-Bloss ◽  
Wolfgang Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Insect Brain ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Electrophysiological Characterization ◽  
Nonlinear Integration

Flowers attract pollinating insects like honeybees by sophisticated compositions of olfactory and visual cues. Using honeybees as a model to study olfactory–visual integration at the neuronal level, we focused on mushroom body (MB) output neurons (MBON). From a neuronal circuit perspective, MBONs represent a prominent level of sensory-modality convergence in the insect brain. We established an experimental design allowing electrophysiological characterization of olfactory, visual, as well as olfactory–visual induced activation of individual MBONs. Despite the obvious convergence of olfactory and visual pathways in the MB, we found numerous unimodal MBONs. However, a substantial proportion of MBONs (32%) responded to both modalities and thus integrated olfactory–visual information across MB input layers. In these neurons, representation of the olfactory–visual compound was significantly increased compared with that of single components, suggesting an additive, but nonlinear integration. Population analyses of olfactory–visual MBONs revealed three categories: (i) olfactory, (ii) visual and (iii) olfactory–visual compound stimuli. Interestingly, no significant differentiation was apparent regarding different stimulus qualities within these categories. We conclude that encoding of stimulus quality within a modality is largely completed at the level of MB input, and information at the MB output is integrated across modalities to efficiently categorize sensory information for downstream behavioural decision processing.

HEMCAM/CD146 downregulates cell surface expression of (β)1 integrins

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1847-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alais ◽  
N. Allioli ◽  
C. Pujades ◽  
J.L. Duband ◽  
O. Vainio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Fibronectin Receptor ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Murine Fibroblasts ◽  
Laminin 1 ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily Protein

HEMCAM/gicerin, an immunoglobulin superfamily protein, is involved in homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. It interacts with NOF (neurite outgrowth factor), a molecule of the laminin family. Alternative splicing leads to mRNAs coding for HEMCAM with a short (HEMCAM-s) or a long cytoplasmic tail (HEMCAM-l). To investigate the cellular function of these two variants, we stably transfected murine fibroblasts with either form of HEMCAM. Expression of each isoform of this protein in L cells delayed proliferation and modified their adhesion properties to purified extracellular matrix proteins. Expression of either HEMCAM-s or HEMCAM-l inhibited integrin-dependent adhesion and spreading of fibroblasts to laminin 1, showing that this phenomenon did not depend on the cytoplasmic region. By contrast, L-cell adhesion and spreading to fibronectin depended on the HEMCAM isoform expressed. Flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the expression of HEMCAM downregulated expression of the laminin-binding integrins (α)3 (β)1, (α)6 (β)1 and (α)7 (β)1, and fibronectin receptor (α)5 (β)1 from the cell surface. Semi-quantitative PCR and northern blot experiments showed that the expression of (α)6 (β)1 integrin modified by HEMCAM occurred at a translation or maturation level. Thus, our data demonstrate that HEMCAM regulates fibroblast adhesion by controlling (β)1 integrin expression. http://www.biologists.com/JCS/movies/jcs1886.html

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document