scholarly journals Modeling phylogenetic biome shifts on a planet with a past

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Landis ◽  
Erika J. Edwards ◽  
Michael J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mesic Forest ◽  
Shift Model ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Phylogenetic Models ◽  
Lineage Diversification ◽  
Biome Shift

AbstractThe spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineage’s biome affinity and location relative to the spatiotemporal distribution of biomes at any given time. To study the behavior of the biome shift model in an empirical setting, we developed a literature-based representation of paleobiome structure for three mesic forest biomes, six regions, and eight time strata, ranging from the Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) through the present. We then fitted the model to a time-calibrated phylogeny of 119 Viburnum species to compare how the results responded to various realistic or unrealistic assumptions about paleobiome structure.Ancestral biome estimates that account for paleobiome dynamics reconstructed a warm temperate (or tropical) origin of Viburnum, which is consistent with previous fossil-based estimates of ancestral biomes. Imposing unrealistic paleobiome distributions led to ancestral biome estimates that eliminated support for tropical origins, and instead inflated support for cold temperate ancestry throughout the warmer Paleocene and Eocene. The biome shift model we describe is applicable to the study of evolutionary systems beyond Viburnum, and the core mechanisms of our model are extensible to the design of richer phylogenetic models of historical biogeography and/or lineage diversification. We conclude that biome shift models that account for dynamic geographical opportunities are important for inferring ancestral biomes that are compatible with our understanding of Earth history.

scholarly journals Modeling Phylogenetic Biome Shifts on a Planet with a Past

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Michael Landis ◽  
Erika J Edwards ◽  
Michael J Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Mesic Forest ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Shift Model ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Phylogenetic Models ◽  
Lineage Diversification ◽  
Biome Shift

Abstract The spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineage’s biome affinity and location relative to the spatial distribution of biomes at any given time. To study the behavior of the biome shift model in an empirical setting, we developed a literature-based representation of paleobiome structure for three mesic forest biomes, six regions, and eight time strata, ranging from the Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) through the present. We then fitted the model to a time-calibrated phylogeny of 119 Viburnum species to compare how the results responded to various realistic or unrealistic assumptions about paleobiome structure. Ancestral biome estimates that account for paleobiome dynamics reconstructed a warm temperate (or tropical) origin of Viburnum, which is consistent with previous fossil-based estimates of ancestral biomes. Imposing unrealistic paleobiome distributions led to ancestral biome estimates that eliminated support for tropical origins, and instead inflated support for cold temperate ancestry throughout the warmer Paleocene and Eocene. The biome shift model we describe is applicable to the study of evolutionary systems beyond Viburnum, and the core mechanisms of our model are extensible to the design of richer phylogenetic models of historical biogeography and/or lineage diversification. We conclude that biome shift models that account for dynamic geographical opportunities are important for inferring ancestral biomes that are compatible with our understanding of Earth history.[Ancestral states; biome shifts; historical biogeography; niche conservatism; phylogenetics]

Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of Seahorses, Dragonets, Goatfishes, and Allies (Teleostei: Syngnatharia): Assessing Factors Driving Uncertainty in Biogeographic Inferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aintzane Santaquiteria ◽  
Alexandre C Siqueira ◽  
Emanuell Duarte-Ribeiro ◽  
Giorgio Carnevale ◽  
William White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Great Proportion ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Tree Topology ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Phylogenomic Study

Abstract The charismatic trumpetfishes, goatfishes, dragonets, flying gurnards, seahorses, and pipefishes encompass a recently defined yet extraordinarily diverse clade of percomorph fishes—the series Syngnatharia. This group is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, with a great proportion of its extant diversity occurring in the Indo-Pacific. Because most syngnatharians feature long-range dispersal capabilities, tracing their biogeographic origins is challenging. Here, we applied an integrative phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary biogeography of syngnatharians. We built upon a recently published phylogenomic study that examined ultraconserved elements by adding 62 species (total 169 species) and one family (Draconettidae), to cover ca. 25% of the species diversity and all 10 families in the group. We inferred a set of time-calibrated trees and conducted ancestral range estimations. We also examined the sensitivity of these analyses to phylogenetic uncertainty (estimated from multiple genomic subsets), area delimitation, and biogeographic models that include or exclude the jump-dispersal parameter (j). Of the three factors examined, we found that the j parameter has the strongest effect in ancestral range estimates, followed by number of areas defined, and tree topology and divergence times. After accounting for these uncertainties, our results reveal that syngnatharians originated in the ancient Tethys Sea ca. 87 Ma (84–94 Ma; Late Cretaceous) and subsequently occupied the Indo-Pacific. Throughout syngnatharian history, multiple independent lineages colonized the eastern Pacific (6–8 times) and the Atlantic (6–14 times) from their center of origin, with most events taking place following an east-to-west route prior to the closure of the Tethys Seaway ca. 12–18 Ma. Ultimately, our study highlights the importance of accounting for different factors generating uncertainty in macroevolutionary and biogeographic inferences.

Predicting sediment discharges and erosion rates in deep time—examples from the late Cretaceous North American continent

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1547-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinéad J. Lyster ◽  
Alexander C. Whittaker ◽  
Peter A. Allison ◽  
Daniel J. Lunt ◽  
Alexander Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
North American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
Erosion Rates

scholarly journals Interferometric Observations for O-Containing Organic Molecules Towards Orion-KL

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
Y. C. Minh ◽  
M. Ohishi ◽  
D. G. Roh ◽  
M. Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Angular Size ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resolution Observation ◽  
Total Column

AbstractHigh spatial resolution observation (~ 5 arcsec) were made for CH3OH, HCOOCH3, and (CH3)2O toward Orion-KL using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. The spatial distribution of CH3OH appears to be well elongated along the line connecting IRc2 and “the southern condensation (SC)”. The HCOOCH3 and (CH3)2O emissions appear to be well concentrated to SC with an angular size of ~ 6.5 arcsec. We derive the total column densities 6.8 × 1017cm−2, 1.4 × 1016cm−2 and 2.7 × 1016cm−2 for CH3OH, HCOOCH3, and (CH3)2O, respectively, at the core of SC.

scholarly journals Differences in the Climatological Characteristics of Precipitation between Active and Break Spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (21) ◽  
pp. 7797-7814 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Narayana Rao ◽  
K. Saikranthi ◽  
B. Radhakrishna ◽  
S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Late Night ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evening Peak

Abstract Climatological characteristics of precipitation during the active and break spells of the monsoon are studied using 15 years of TRMM measurements. The spatial variation of rain fraction suggests that most of the seasonal rainfall occurs in spells of active monsoon over India, except for the zones along the east coast. The broader reflectivity distribution at higher altitudes and larger average storm height during active spells indicate the high prevalence of deep systems during this spell. The spatial distribution of the occurrence and fraction of different types of rain exhibits large variability from land to ocean and between the spells. The higher occurrence and fraction of stratiform rain during the active spell, particularly over the core monsoon zone, is due to the prevalence of organized mesoscale systems with large stratiform portions. The break spells are characterized by higher occurrence of shallow rain and larger fraction of convective rain. While an evening peak is observed over land during the break spell, the phase of the diurnal cycle exhibits large spatial variability during the active spell. The rainfall peaks from late night to midnight in southeastern India and in the morning near the foothills of the Himalayas during the active spell. The diurnal and semidiurnal components together explain more than 90% of total variance over many of the zones during both spells. The observed differences in precipitation between the spells are discussed in light of the differences in synoptic- and mesoscale mechanisms responsible for the production of precipitation.

scholarly journals On the Likely Palaeoelevation of the Turonian – Coniacian Arman Flora Site (North-Eastern Asia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei B. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Analytical Errors ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Eastern Russia ◽  
Dicot Species

The Turonian - Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) Arman Flora (North-eastern Russia, Magadan District) exhibits a high diversity of fossil angiosperms (28 dicot species). Based on their physiognomy, palaeoclimate variables were estimated showing that the flora experienced a humid warm-temperate climate without any pronounced seasonality. Palaeoclimate variables estimated for the coastal plain floras (Penzhina, Kaivayam and Tylpegyrgynai floras, North-eastern Russia) are the same (within analytical errors) as those estimated for the Arman Flora that existed within uplands of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt. This conclusion implies that the elevation of the intermontane basin of the Arman Flora biotope was not high, presumably not more than 600 m - and not sufficient to be reflected in palaeoclimate experienced by the Arman Flora.

scholarly journals Cosmopolitan Planetarity: Translating Multilingual Affectivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Sneja Gunew ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Colonial Time

As an umbrella term, the planetary has become a type of placeholder for many different ways of rethinking how the human and the non-human interact in relation to space and time (national time, colonial time, deep time). As well, when we engage with marginalized epistemologies associated with, for example, Indigenous and other nonEuropean cultures, what kind of planetarity is constructed then? And what types of affect does planetarity generate (for example, between the human and the in/non-human) in these contexts? Language and the necessity for multilingual translations of affective concepts are at the core of such questions. My paper will consider an uncomfortable cosmopolitan planetary affect in relation to the Inuit writer Tanya Tagaq’s Split Tooth, the Korean novelist Han Kang’s The Vegetarian and the Japanese German writer Yoko Tawada.

scholarly journals Morphometric changes in two Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil lineages support diversification fueled by long-term cooling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad javad razmjooei ◽  
Nicolas Thibault ◽  
Anoshiravan Kani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Climatic Evolution ◽  
Biometric Measurements

Biometric measurements undertaken on two relevant taxa, Cribrosphaerella and Microrhabdulus, make the core of this chapter. The results of this paper allowed us to describe two new species of Microrhabdulus and suggest that the peculiar climatic evolution across the Campanian and Maastrichtian triggered a rise in diversity and size of nannofossils following both Cope’s and Bergmann’s rules and its possible effects on the morphometric changes of Cribrosphaerella and Microrhabdulus. In this study, the link between climate variability and diversification has been discussed, and two new species of Microrhabdulus are described.

scholarly journals Fast and accurate estimation of species-specific diversification rates using data augmentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Maliet ◽  
Hélène Morlon
Keyword(s):  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Shift Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Models

1AbstractDiversification rates vary across species as a response to various factors, including environmental conditions and species-specific features. Phylogenetic models that allow accounting for and quantifying this heterogeneity in diversification rates have proven particularly useful for understanding clades diversification. Recently, we introduced the cladogenetic diversification rate shift model (ClaDS), which allows inferring subtle rate variations across lineages. Here we present a new inference technique for this model that considerably reduces computation time through the use of data augmentation and provide an implementation of this method in Julia. In addition to drastically reducing computation time, this new inference approach provides a posterior distribution of the augmented data, that is the tree with extinct and unsampled lineages as well as associated diversification rates. In particular, this allows extracting the distribution through time of both the mean rate and the number of lineages. We assess the statistical performances of our approach using simulations and illustrate its application on the entire bird radiation.

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