scholarly journals Stability and similarity of the pediatric connectome as developmental measures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Vanderwal ◽  
Jeffrey Eilbott ◽  
Clare Kelly ◽  
Simon R. Frew ◽  
Todd S. Woodward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
List Type ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Brain Connectome ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

AbstractPatterns of functional connectivity are unique at the individual level, enabling test-retest matching algorithms to identify a subject from among a group using only their functional connectome. Recent findings show that accuracies of these algorithms in children increase with age. Relatedly, the persistence of functional connectivity (FC) patterns across tasks and rest also increases with age. This study investigated the hypothesis that within-subject stability and between-subject similarity of the whole-brain pediatric connectome are developmentally relevant outcomes. Using data from 210 help-seeking children and adolescents, ages 6-21 years (Healthy Brain Network Biobank), we computed whole-brain FC matrices for each participant during two different movies (MovieDM and MovieTP) and two runs of task-free rest (all from a single scan session) and fed these matrices to a test-retest matching algorithm. We replicated the finding that matching accuracies for children and youth (ages 6-21 years) are low (18-44%), and that cross-state and cross-movie accuracies were the lowest. Results also showed that parcellation resolution and the number of volumes used in each matrix affect fingerprinting accuracies. Next, we calculated three measures of whole-connectome stability for each subject: cross-rest (Rest1-Rest2), crossstate (MovieDM-Rest1), and cross-movie (MovieDM-MovieTP), and three measures of within-state between-subject connectome similarity for Rest1, MovieDM, and MovieTP. We show that stability and similarity were correlated, but that these measures were not related to age. A principal component analysis of these measures yielded two components that we used to test for brain-behavior correlations with IQ, general psychopathology, and social skills measures (n=119). The first component was significantly correlated with the social skills measure (r=-0.26, p=0.005). Post hoc correlations showed that the social skills measure correlated with both cross-rest stability (r=-0.29, p=0.001) and with connectome similarity during MovieDM (r=-0.28, p=0.002). These findings suggest that the stability and similarity of the whole-brain connectome relate to overall brain development, and in particular, to those regions that support social skills. We infer that the development of the functional connectome simultaneously achieves patterns of FC that are distinct at the individual subject level, that are shared across individuals, and that are persistent across states and across runs—features which presumably combine to optimize neural processing during development. Future longitudinal work could reveal the developmental trajectories of stability and similarity of the connectome.Highlights- Identification algorithms yielded low accuracies in this developmental sample.- Individual differences in FC were not as persistent across states or movies.- Connectome within-subject stability and between-subject similarity were interrelated.- Stability during rest and similarity during a movie correlate with social skills scores.

scholarly journals The individual functional connectome is unique and stable over months to years

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Horien ◽  
Xilin Shen ◽  
Dustin Scheinost ◽  
R. Todd Constable
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
List Type ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Parietal Cortices

AbstractFunctional connectomes computed from fMRI provide a means to characterize individual differences in the patterns of BOLD synchronization across regions of the entire brain. Using four resting-state fMRI datasets with a wide range of ages, we show that individual differences of the functional connectome are stable across three months to three years. Medial frontal and frontoparietal networks appear to be both unique and stable, resulting in high ID rates, as did a combination of these two networks. We conduct analyses demonstrating that these results are not driven by head motion. We also show that the edges demonstrating the most individualized features tend to connect nodes in the frontal and parietal cortices, while edges contributing the least tend to connect cross-hemispheric homologs. Our results demonstrate that the functional connectome is stable across years and is not an idiosyncratic aspect of a specific dataset, but rather reflects stable individual differences in the functional connectivity of the brain.Research highlightsWhole-brain functional connectivity profiles obtained from four resting-state fMRI datasets are unique and stable across 3 months-3 years in adolescents, young adults, and older adultsMedial frontal and frontoparietal networks tended to be both unique and stableIndividual edges in the frontal and parietal cortices tended to be most discriminative of individual subjects

scholarly journals 4 Designing dying well: toward a new architectural approach of in-patient palliative care environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 361.1-361
Author(s):  
Annie Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
List Type ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Architectural Research

Neither a ‘hospital’ nor a ‘home’; the in-patient hospice has a unique architectural identity remaining largely undocumented. There is a plethora of architectural research regarding more common-place healthcare buildings such as hospitals and care-homes. (RIBA n.d) However the architecture of in-patient hospices is misunderstood in the role it can play in supporting the holistic principles of palliative care as backdrops for ‘not just a good death but a good life to the very end’ (Gawande 2014, pg. 245).Reconciling the social and spatial this research aims to establish an authentic identity for in-patient hospices; developing opportunities and situations for environments that become ‘sympathetic extensions of our sense of ourselves’ (Bloomer KC + Moore CW 1977, pg. 78) enabling those at the end of their life to dwell with dignity.An ethnographic study involving practise led design research; the research engages with experiences of the researcher and users of Welsh in-patient hospices alongside interrogations of existing architectural strategies. This inter-disciplinary methodology will provide a ‘back and forth’ movement to reflect with the community of practise upon design projects and fieldwork.Foundation work concluded that ‘homely’ is a too broad and subjective concept with which to define meaningful architectural responses for the variety of users and uses of in-patient hospices. Building upon this initial visits to Welsh in-patient hospices and design primers of key moments of inhabitation aims to provide conclusions on how architecture can create and balance the individual phenomenological experiences and needs of patients family and staff.References. RIBA. Health buildings and hospitals [Online] (n.d). Available at https://www.ribabookshops.com/books/health-buildings-and-hospitals/010503/ (Accessed: 31 May 2018). Gawande A. Being mortal: Medicine and what matters in the end2014;245. New York: Metropolitan Books Henry Holt and Company.. Kent BC, Charles MW. Body memory and architecture1977;78. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.

scholarly journals Dissecting individual differences in responses to naturalistic stimuli in functional MRI: effects of development and gender

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
List Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFunctional MRI (fMRI) study of naturalistic conditions, e.g. movie watching, usually focuses on shared responses across subjects. However, individual differences in the responses have been attracting increasing attention in search of group differences or associations with behavioral outcomes. The individual differences have been studied by directly modeling the cross-subject correlation matrix or projecting the relations into a 1-D space. We contend that it is critical to examine whether there are single or multiple consistent components of responses underlying the whole population, because multiple components may undermine the individual relations using the previous methods. We use principal component analysis (PCA) to examine the heterogeneity of brain responses across subjects in terms of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix, and utilize this approach to study developmental trajectories and gender effects in a movie watching dataset. We identified several brain networks in the parietal cortex that showed a significant second principal component (PC) of regional responses, which were mainly represented the younger children. The second PCs in some networks, i.e. the supramarginal network, resembled a delayed version of the first PCs for 4 seconds (2 TR), indicating delayed responses in the younger children than the older children and adults. However, no apparent gender effects were found in the first and second PCs. The analyses highlight the importance of identifying multiple consistent responses underlying individual differences in responses to naturalistic stimuli. And the PCA-based approach could be complementary to the commonly used intersubject correlation analysis.HighlightsThere may be multiple consistent responses among subjects during movie watchingPrincipal component analysis can be used to identify the multiple consistent responsesMany brain regions showed two principal components that were separated by ageYounger children showed delayed response in the supramarginal gyrus and precuneus

scholarly journals Intra-session test-retest reliability of functional connectivity in infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Walter Hinds ◽  
Cristiane S Duarte ◽  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
Catherine Monk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
List Type ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Spatial Similarity ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractResting functional MRI studies of the infant brain are increasingly becoming an important tool in developmental neuroscience. Whereas the test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures derived from resting fMRI data have been characterized in the adult and child brain, similar assessments have not been conducted in infants. In this study, we examined the intra-session test-retest reliability of FC measures from 119 infant brain MRI scans from four neurodevelopmental studies. We investigated edge-level and subject-level reliability within one MRI session (between and within runs) measured by the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). First, using an atlas-based approach, we examined whole-brain connectivity as well as connectivity within two common resting fMRI networks – the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). Second, we examined the influence of run duration, study site, and scanning manufacturer (e.g., Philips and General Electric) on ICCs. Lastly, we tested spatial similarity using the Jaccard Index from networks derived from independent component analysis (ICA). Consistent with resting fMRI studies from adults, our findings indicated poor edge-level reliability (ICC = 0.14 - 0.18), but moderate-to-good subject-level intra-session reliability for whole-brain, DMN, and SMN connectivity (ICC = 0.40 - 0.78). We also found significant effects of run duration, site, and scanning manufacturer on reliability estimates. Some ICA-derived networks showed strong spatial reproducibility (e.g., DMN, SMN, and Visual Network), and were labelled based on their spatial similarity to analogous networks measured in adults. These networks were reproducibly found across different study studies. However, other ICA-networks (e.g. Executive Control Network) did not show strong spatial reproducibility, suggesting that the reliability and/or maturational course of functional connectivity may vary by network. In sum, our findings suggest that developmental scientist may be on safe ground examining the functional organization of some major neural networks (e.g. DMN and SMN), but judicious interpretation of functional connectivity is essential to its ongoing success.HighlightsInfant functional connectivity (FC) shows poor edge-level reliability (ICCs)However, subject-level infant FC estimates show good-to-excellent ICCsSpatial reproducibility is better for some resting networks (DMN, SMN) than others (ECN)Reliability estimates differ across study site and MRI scannerConclusion - Infant FC can be a reliable measurement, but judicious use is needed

scholarly journals Individual structural features constrain the mouse functional connectome

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26961-26969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Melozzi ◽  
Eyal Bergmann ◽  
Julie A. Harris ◽  
Itamar Kahn ◽  
Viktor Jirsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Individual

Whole brain dynamics intuitively depend upon the internal wiring of the brain; but to which extent the individual structural connectome constrains the corresponding functional connectome is unknown, even though its importance is uncontested. After acquiring structural data from individual mice, we virtualized their brain networks and simulated in silico functional MRI data. Theoretical results were validated against empirical awake functional MRI data obtained from the same mice. We demonstrate that individual structural connectomes predict the functional organization of individual brains. Using a virtual mouse brain derived from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas, we further show that the dominant predictors of individual structure–function relations are the asymmetry and the weights of the structural links. Model predictions were validated experimentally using tracer injections, identifying which missing connections (not measurable with diffusion MRI) are important for whole brain dynamics in the mouse. Individual variations thus define a specific structural fingerprint with direct impact upon the functional organization of individual brains, a key feature for personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Convivencia escolar en Educación Primaria. Las habilidades sociales del alumnado como variable moduladora

2011 ◽  
pp. 173-212
Author(s):  
Iván Bravo Antonio ◽  
Lucía Herrera Torres
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Personal Adjustment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Primary Curriculum ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Educación Primaria

Las instituciones escolares constituyen el lugar idóneo en el que enseñar a convivir a nuestros jóvenes y, por ende, dotarles de las habilidades sociales necesarias que contribuyan a su pleno proceso de desarrollo social y personal (Ramírez; Justicia, 2006). El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar el grado de relación existente entre diferentes dimensiones de la conducta de los alumnos de Educación Primaria (desajuste clínico, desajuste escolar, ajuste personal e índice de síntomas emocionales) y su percepción de la convivencia escolar. Para ello, participaron 546 alumnos de Educación Primaria de dos colegios públicos de la ciudad autónoma de Melilla. Entre los resultados hallados, se pone de manifiesto una relación positiva entre las dimensiones clínicas de la conducta y diferentes aspectos que obstaculizan la convivencia escolar. También, entre ajuste personal y diferentes elementos que favorecen la convivencia. Se discute la pertinencia de incluir, por su carácter preventivo y de desarrollo del individuo, el trabajo de las habilidades sociales dentro del currículum de Educación Primaria. ABSTRACTSchools are a suitable place in which to teach living together to children and young people young and, therefore, to provide them with the social skills that are necessary to contribute to full social and personal development (Ramírez; Justicia, 2006). The aim of the present work is to analyze the extent of relationships existing among different dimensions of behavior in Primary Education students (clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, personal adjustment, and emotional symptoms index), and their perception of living together at school. To this end, 546 Primary pupils from two public schools in the autonomous city of Melilla took part. Results showed positive relationships between clinical dimensions of behavior and certain aspects that hamper harmonious living together at school. They also revealed positive associations among personal adjustment and some elements that favor living together. The importance of including work on social skills in the Primary curriculum, in view of their preventive character, and of the development of the individual, is discussed.

scholarly journals Decoding individualized motor cortical excitability states from whole-brain electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Hussain ◽  
Romain Quentin
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Real Time Identification ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVE: Brain state-dependent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) requires real-time identification of cortical excitability states. Here, we aimed to identify individualized, subject-specific motor cortex (M1) excitability states from whole-scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals. METHODS: We analyzed a pre-existing dataset that delivered 600 single TMS pulses to the right M1 during EEG and electromyography (EMG) recordings. Subject-specific multivariate pattern classification was used to discriminate between brain states during which TMS elicited small or large motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). RESULTS: Classifiers trained at the individual subject level successfully discriminated between low and high M1 excitability states. MEPs elicited during classifier-predicted high excitability states were significantly larger than those elicited during classifier-predicted low excitability states. Classifiers trained on subject-specific data obtained immediately before TMS delivery performed better than classifiers trained on data from earlier time points, and subject-specific classifiers generalized weakly but significantly across subjects. CONCLUSION: Decoding individualized M1 excitability states from whole-brain EEG activity is feasible and robust. SIGNIFICANCE: Deploying subject-specific classifiers during brain state-dependent TMS may enable effective, fully individualized neuromodulation in the future.

scholarly journals Positive Mental Health Scale: Validation of the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form

Psico-USF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner de Lara Machado ◽  
Denise Ruschel Bandeira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Individual

<p>The <italic>Mental Health Continuum - Short Form</italic> (MHC-SF) is a self-reporting instrument for assessing positive mental health, which is understood as symptoms of positive affection, self-development and social connectivity. The present article describes the adaptation and validation of the MHC-SF for the Brazilian Portuguese language in a sample of 686 adults, which included 72.7% female participants and had an average age of 33.9 (<italic>SD</italic>= 11.30) years. The various methods employed to assess the MHC-SF psychometric properties (principal component analysis, factor analysis, Item Response Theory and network analysis) indicated that a unidimensional structure is sufficient to represent the structure of the instrument and its high reliability. In addition, the results showed that the individual-centered aspects of mental health are more easily manifested relative to the social-oriented aspects. The Brazilian version of the MHC-SF is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of positive mental health.</p>

scholarly journals Modular slowing of resting-state dynamic Functional Connectivity as a marker of cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Lombardo ◽  
Catherine Cassé-Perrot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Ranjeva ◽  
Arnaud Le Troter ◽  
Maxime Guye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Resting State ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Level

AbstractDynamic Functional Connectivity (dFC) in the resting state (rs) is considered as a correlate of cognitive processing. Describing dFC as a flow across morphing connectivity configurations, our notion of dFC speed quantifies the rate at which FC networks evolve in time. Here we probe the hypothesis that variations of rs dFC speed and cognitive performance are selectively interrelated within specific functional subnetworks.In particular, we focus on Sleep Deprivation (SD) as a reversible model of cognitive dysfunction. We found that whole-brain level (global) dFC speed significantly slows down after 24h of SD. However, the reduction in global dFC speed does not correlate with variations of cognitive performance in individual tasks, which are subtle and highly heterogeneous. On the contrary, we found strong correlations between performance variations in individual tasks –including Rapid Visual Processing (RVP, assessing sustained visual attention)– and dFC speed quantified at the level of functional subnetworks of interest. Providing a compromise between classic static FC (no time) and global dFC (no space), modular dFC speed analyses allow quantifying a different speed of dFC reconfiguration independently for sub-networks overseeing different tasks. Importantly, we found that RVP performance robustly correlates with the modular dFC speed of a characteristic frontoparietal module.HighlightsSleep Deprivation (SD) slows down the random walk in FC space implemented by Dynamic Functional Connectivity (dFC) at rest.Whole-brain level slowing of dFC speed does not selectively correlate with fine and taskspecific changes in performanceWe quantify dFC speed separately for different link-based modules coordinated by distinct regional “meta-hubs”Modular dFC speed variations capture subtle and task-specific variations of cognitive performance induced by SD.Author summaryWe interpreted dynamic Functional Connectivity (dFC) as a random walk in the space of possible FC networks performed with a quantifiable “speed”.Here, we analyze a fMRI dataset in which subjects are scanned and cognitively tested both before and after Sleep Deprivation (SD), used as a reversible model of cognitive dysfunction. While global dFC speed slows down after a sleepless night, it is not a sufficiently sensitive metric to correlate with fine and specific cognitive performance changes. To boost the capacity of dFC speed analyses to account for fine and specific cognitive decline, we introduce the notion of modular dFC speed. Capitalizing on an edge-centric measure of functional connectivity, which we call Meta-Connectivity, we isolate subgraphs of FC describing relatively independent random walks (dFC modules) and controlled by distinct “puppet masters” (meta-hubs). We then find that variations of the random walk speed of distinct dFC modules now selectively correlate with SD-induced variations of performance in the different tasks. This is in agreement with the fact that different subsystems – distributed but functionally distinct– oversee different tasks.The high sensitivity of modular dFC analyses bear promise of future applications to the early detection and longitudinal characterization of pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals fMRI Informed Montage Selection for Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Frontoparietal Synchronization for Drug Cue Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Soleimani ◽  
Rayus Kupliki ◽  
Jerzy Bodurka ◽  
Martin Paulus ◽  
Hamed Ekhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Dual Site ◽  
Drug Cue

AbstractBackgroundFrontoparietal network (FPN) with multiple cortical nodes is involved in executive functions. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can potentially modulate interactions between these nodes using frontoparietal synchronization (FPS). Here we used fMRI and computational head models (CHMs) to inform electrode montage and dosage selection in FPS.MethodsSixty methamphetamine users completed an fMRI drug cue-reactivity task. Two sets of 4×1 HD electrodes with anode over F3 and F4 were simulated and spheres around maximum electric field in each hemisphere were defined as frontal seeds. Using frontal seeds, a task-based functional connectivity analysis was conducted based on a seed-to-whole brain generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI). Electrode placement for parietal sites was selected based on gPPI results. Task-based and resting-state connectivity were compared between fMRI-informed and classic F3-P3/F4-P4 montages.ResultsWhole-brain gPPI showed two significant clusters (left: 506 voxels P=0.006, right: 455 voxels P=0.016), located in the inferior parietal lobule under the CP5 and CP6 electrode location. Pair-wise ROI-based gPPI comparing informed (F3-CP5/F4-CP6) and classic (F3-P3/F4-P4) montages showed significant increased PPI and resting-state connectivity only in the informed montage. Cue-induced craving score was also correlated with left (F3-CP5) frontoparietal connectivity in the fMRI-informed montage.ConclusionThis study proposes an analytic pipeline to select electrode montage and dosage in dual site tES using CHMs and task-based connectivity. Stimulating F3-F4 can tap into both FPN and saliency network (SN) based on the montage selection. Using CHM and fMRI will be essential to navigating ample parameter space in the stimulation protocols for future tES studies.HighlightsWe demonstrated a methodology for montage selection in network-based tESTask-based functional connectivity can inform dual-site tES montage selectionHead models can help to induce balance tES dose in targeted brain regionsTargeting DLPFC with tES can tap into both saliency and frontoparietal networksLower resting-state frontoparietal connectivity before cue exposure followed by a greater craving

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