scholarly journals Intracellular localization and gene expression analysis provide new insights on LEA proteins’ diversity in anhydrobiotic midge

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina A. Kondratyeva ◽  
Alexander A. Nesmelov ◽  
Alexander V. Cherkasov ◽  
Yugo Miyata ◽  
Shoko Tokumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
The Sleeping Chironomid

AbstractAnhydrobiosis, an adaptive ability to withstand complete desiccation, is in insects limited to a single species: the nonbiting midge Polypedilum vanderplanki (the sleeping chironomid). Evolution of anhydrobiosis in a single representative of a large genus is associated with drastic changes in genome structure, including the emergence of new multimember gene families directly involved in desiccation tolerance. Among them, Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, which protect other proteins from aggregation caused by desiccation, are believed to originate via horizontal gene transfer from a bacterial donor. To obtain new insights on the biological background of the expanded 27-member LEA protein group in P. vanderplanki, we investigated the expression of corresponding genes in a P. vanderplanki-derived cell line, capable of anhydrobiosis, in a normal state and during induction of desiccation tolerance. We found that all LEA proteins genes identified in P. vanderplanki’s genome except PvLea16 and PvLea17 are also expressed in Pv11 cells. Their expression was elevated in response to anhydrobiosis-inducing trehalose treatment. Expression patterns of PvLea genes were well preserved in Pv11 cells in comparison to P. vanderplanki’s larvae both in the control group and during the anhydrobiosis cycle. We also investigated localization of LEA proteins in Pv11 cells and Sf9 cells and found a different level of conservation in intracellular localization of the protein expressed in mammalian and insect cells.

scholarly journals LEA Gene Expression Assessment in Advanced Mutant Rice Genotypes under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zarifth Shafika Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Rafii Yusop ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Abdul Rahim Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are primarily found in plants stem, roots, and other organs and play significant roles in tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Plants synthesize a discrete set of LEA proteins in response to drought stress. In this study, the expression patterns of LEA genes were investigated in two advanced mutant rice genotypes subjected to the drought stress condition and different physiological traits including photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) which were analyzed to confirm their drought tolerance. Five LEA genes (OsLEA1, OsLEA2, OsLEA3, OsLEA4, and OsLEA5) were used in the evaluation of rice genotypes and were significantly upregulated by more than 4-fold for MR219-4 and MR219-9. The upregulated genes by these two varieties showed high similarity with the drought-tolerant check variety, Aeron1. This indicates that these advanced mutant genotypes have better tolerance to drought stress. The changes in the expression level of LEA genes among the selected rice genotypes under drought stress were further confirmed. Hence, LEA genes could be served as a potential tool for drought tolerance determination in rice. MR219-4 and MR219-9 were found to be promising in breeding for drought tolerance as they offer better physiological adaptation to drought stress.

scholarly journals Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Ca2+/Cation Antiporter Gene Family in Tomatoes

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Kayoko Amagaya ◽  
Tomoki Shibuya ◽  
Manabu Nishiyama ◽  
Kazuhisa Kato ◽  
Yoshinori Kanayama
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Role Sharing

The Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily plays an important role in the regulation of the essential element Ca2+ and cation concentrations. Characterization and expression analyses of CaCA superfamily genes were performed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a representative of dicotyledonous plants and fruit crops. Sixteen CaCA candidate genes were found and identified as tomato CaCA, SlCaCA, by a domain search. In a phylogenetic analysis of the SlCaCA superfamily, the 16 genes were classified into SlCAX, SlNCL, SlCCX, and SlMHX families. Among them, Solyc12g011070, belonging to the SlCAX family, had four splice variants, three of which were predicted to be nonfunctional because of a lack of important motifs. EF-hand domains were only found in SlNCL, in addition to consensus Na_Ca_ex domains, and the region containing EF-hand domains was characteristically long in some members of SlNCL. Furthermore, four genes of the SlCCX family were found to be intronless. As for intracellular localization, one SlCCX member was predicted to be localized to the plasma membrane, while other SlCCXs, SlCAXs, and SlMHXs were predicted to be localized to the vacuolar membrane. The expression patterns of SlCaCAs in various organs, including during several developmental stages of fruit, were classified into four groups. Genes involved in each of the SlCAX, SlNCL, and SlCCX gene families were categorized into three or four groups according to expression patterns, suggesting role sharing within each family. The main member in each subfamily and the members with characteristic fruit expression patterns included genes whose expression was regulated by sugar or auxin and that were highly expressed in a line having metabolite-rich fruit.

‘Dehydrin-like’ proteins and desiccation tolerance in seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Gee ◽  
R. J. Probert ◽  
S. A. Coomber
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between tolerance of seeds to extreme desiccation and the presence of ‘dehydrinlike’ proteins was investigated in groups of related taxa from the unrelated plant families Aceraceae and Gramineae. Dehydrin-like proteins were identified by Western blot analysis using an antibody raised against a synthetic oligopeptide representing the 23-amino acid consensus sequence common to all group 2 late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins.Evidence is presented that seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus and A. saccharinum are desiccation intolerant (recalcitrant) whereas seeds of A. platanoides and A. rubrum are desiccation tolerant (orthodox). Despite these differences, dehydrinlike proteins at 60 and 20 kDa were detected in all four species.Dehydrins at 20 kDa were also detected in seed samples of two aquatic grasses, Porteresia coarctata and Oryza sativa from the tribe Oryzeae, despite seeds of the former rapidly losing viability on drying, whereas O. sativa is one of the best-known examples of desiccation-tolerant seeds. In O. sativa, there was a correlation between contents of dehydrins detected and the proportion of individuals capable of withstanding extreme drying. However, the possibility of a causal link between these parameters is equivocal. Dehydrin-like proteins were also detected in desiccation-sensitive seeds of Zizania palustris, Z. latifolia and Z. texana and desiccation-intolerant seeds of Spartina anglica, all from the Gramineae.The presence of group 2 LEAs is clearly not diagnostic of desiccation tolerance in seeds. However, a more direct correlation with the expression of other groups of LEAs cannot be discounted.

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Heat-Stable Proteome During Seed Germination in Arabidopsis with Special Focus on LEA Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8172
Author(s):  
Orarat Ginsawaeng ◽  
Michal Gorka ◽  
Alexander Erban ◽  
Carolin Heise ◽  
Franziska Brueckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Heat Stable

During seed germination, desiccation tolerance is lost in the radicle with progressing radicle protrusion and seedling establishment. This process is accompanied by comprehensive changes in the metabolome and proteome. Germination of Arabidopsis seeds was investigated over 72 h with special focus on the heat-stable proteome including late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins together with changes in primary metabolites. Six metabolites in dry seeds known to be important for seed longevity decreased during germination and seedling establishment, while all other metabolites increased simultaneously with activation of growth and development. Thermo-stable proteins were associated with a multitude of biological processes. In the heat-stable proteome, a relatively similar proportion of fully ordered and fully intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) was discovered. Highly disordered proteins were found to be associated with functional categories development, protein, RNA and stress. As expected, the majority of LEA proteins decreased during germination and seedling establishment. However, four germination-specific dehydrins were identified, not present in dry seeds. A network analysis of proteins, metabolites and amino acids generated during the course of germination revealed a highly connected LEA protein network.

scholarly journals Genome-wide search and structural and functional analyses for late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) gene family in poplar

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Cheng ◽  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Lea Gene ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Genome Wide Search

Abstract Background The Late Embryogenesis-Abundant (LEA) gene families, which play significant roles in regulation of tolerance to abiotic stresses, widely exist in higher plants. Poplar is a tree species that has important ecological and economic values. But systematic studies on the gene family have not been reported yet in poplar. Results On the basis of genome-wide search, we identified 88 LEA genes from Populus trichocarpa and renamed them as PtrLEA. The PtrLEA genes have fewer introns, and their promoters contain more cis-regulatory elements related to abiotic stress tolerance. Our results from comparative genomics indicated that the PtrLEA genes are conserved and homologous to related genes in other species, such as Eucalyptus robusta, Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis. Using RNA-Seq data collected from poplar under two conditions (with and without salt treatment), we detected 24, 22 and 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots, stems and leaves, respectively. Then we performed spatiotemporal expression analysis of the four up-regulated DEGs shared by the tissues, constructed gene co-expression-based networks, and investigated gene function annotations. Conclusion Lines of evidence indicated that the PtrLEA genes play significant roles in poplar growth and development, as well as in responses to salt stress.

scholarly journals COR/LEA Proteins as Indicators of Frost Tolerance in Triticeae: A Comparison of Controlled versus Field Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Klára Kosová ◽  
Miroslav Klíma ◽  
Ilja Tom Prášil ◽  
Pavel Vítámvás
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Vernalisation Requirement

Low temperatures in the autumn induce enhanced expression/relative accumulation of several cold-inducible transcripts/proteins with protective functions from Late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) superfamily including dehydrins. Several studies dealing with plants grown under controlled conditions revealed a correlation (significant quantitative relationship) between dehydrin transcript/protein relative accumulation and plant frost tolerance. However, to apply these results in breeding, field experiments are necessary. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of the studies dealing with the relationships between plant acquired frost tolerance and COR/LEA transcripts/proteins relative accumulation in cereals grown in controlled and field conditions. The impacts of cold acclimation and vernalisation processes on the ability of winter-type Triticeae to accumulate COR/LEA proteins are discussed. The factors determining dehydrin relative accumulation under controlled cold acclimation treatments versus field trials during winter seasons are discussed. In conclusion, it can be stated that dehydrins could be used as suitable indicators of winter survival in field-grown winter cereals but only in plant prior to the fulfilment of vernalisation requirement.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa): From Evolution and Expression Pattern to Functional Analysis of BraHDA3

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Eom ◽  
Tae Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known as erasers that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Although plant HDACs play essential roles in physiological processes, including various stress responses, our knowledge concerning HDAC gene families and their evolutionary relationship remains limited. In Brassica rapa genome, we identified 20 HDAC genes, which are divided into three major groups: RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2 families. In addition, seven pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs and one pair of tandem duplicated paralogs were identified in the B. rapa HDAC (BraHDAC) family, indicating that segmental duplication is predominant for the expansion of the BraHDAC genes. The expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs suggest a divergence in the function of BraHDACs under various stress conditions. Furthermore, we suggested that BraHDA3 (homologous of Arabidopsis HDA14) encodes the functional HDAC enzyme, which can be inhibited by Class I/II HDAC inhibitor SAHA. As a first step toward understanding the epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in Chinese cabbage, our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the BraHDAC family.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Pathway of Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Ramon de Koning ◽  
Raphaël Kiekens ◽  
Mary Esther Muyoka Toili ◽  
Geert Angenon
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Raffinose Synthase

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) play an important role in plants but are also considered to be antinutritional factors. A profound understanding of the galactinol and RFO biosynthetic gene families and the expression patterns of the individual genes is a prerequisite for the sustainable reduction of the RFO content in the seeds, without compromising normal plant development and functioning. In this paper, an overview of the annotation and genetic structure of all galactinol- and RFO biosynthesis genes is given for soybean and common bean. In common bean, three galactinol synthase genes, two raffinose synthase genes and one stachyose synthase gene were identified for the first time. To discover the expression patterns of these genes in different tissues, two expression atlases have been created through re-analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data. De novo expression analysis through an RNA-seq study during seed development of three varieties of common bean gave more insight into the expression patterns of these genes during the seed development. The results of the expression analysis suggest that different classes of galactinol- and RFO synthase genes have tissue-specific expression patterns in soybean and common bean. With the obtained knowledge, important galactinol- and RFO synthase genes that specifically play a key role in the accumulation of RFOs in the seeds are identified. These candidate genes may play a pivotal role in reducing the RFO content in the seeds of important legumes which could improve the nutritional quality of these beans and would solve the discomforts associated with their consumption.

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