scholarly journals Host relatedness and landscape connectivity shape pathogen spread in a large secretive carnivore

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones ◽  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Roderick Gagne ◽  
Daryl R. Trumbo ◽  
Patricia Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Variables ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Unbounded Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Development

AbstractUrban expansion can fundamentally alter wildlife movement and gene flow, but how urbanization alters pathogen spread is poorly understood. Here we combine high resolution host and viral genomic data with landscape variables to examine the context of viral spread in puma from two contrasting regions: one bounded by the wildland urban interface (WUI) and one unbounded with minimal anthropogenic development. We found landscape variables and host gene flow explained significant amounts of variation of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) spread in the WUI, but not in the unbounded region. The most important predictors of viral spread also differed; host spatial proximity, host relatedness, and mountain ranges played a role in FIV spread in the WUI, whereas unpaved roads were more important in the unbounded region. Our research demonstrates how anthropogenic landscapes can alter pathogen spread, providing a more nuanced understanding of host-pathogen relationships to inform disease ecology in free-ranging species.

scholarly journals Host relatedness and landscape connectivity shape pathogen spread in the puma, a large secretive carnivore

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones ◽  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Roderick B. Gagne ◽  
Daryl R. Trumbo ◽  
Patricia E. Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Variables ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Unbounded Region

AbstractUrban expansion can fundamentally alter wildlife movement and gene flow, but how urbanization alters pathogen spread is poorly understood. Here, we combine high resolution host and viral genomic data with landscape variables to examine the context of viral spread in puma (Puma concolor) from two contrasting regions: one bounded by the wildland urban interface (WUI) and one unbounded with minimal anthropogenic development (UB). We found landscape variables and host gene flow explained significant amounts of variation of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) spread in the WUI, but not in the unbounded region. The most important predictors of viral spread also differed; host spatial proximity, host relatedness, and mountain ranges played a role in FIV spread in the WUI, whereas roads might have facilitated viral spread in the unbounded region. Our research demonstrates how anthropogenic landscapes can alter pathogen spread, providing a more nuanced understanding of host-pathogen relationships to inform disease ecology in free-ranging species.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Urban Expansion on Surrounding Forested Landscape Connectivity across Space and Time

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Zhouqiao Ren ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
Qiaobing Yue
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Landscape connectivity is important for all organisms as it directly affects population dynamics. Yet, rapid urbanization has caused serious landscape fragmentation, which is the primary contributor of species extinctions worldwide. Previous studies have mostly used spatial snap-shots to evaluate the impact of urban expansion on landscape connectivity. However, the interactions among habitats over time in dynamic landscapes have been largely ignored. Here, we demonstrated that overlooking temporal connectivity can lead to the overestimation of the impact of urban expansion. How much greater the overestimation is depends on the amount of net habitat loss. Moreover, we showed that landscape connectivity may have a delayed response to urban expansion. Our analysis shifts the way to understand the ecological consequences of urban expansion. Our framework can guide sustainable urban development and can be inspiring to conservation practices under other contexts (e.g., climate change).

Landscape Connectivity

2019 ◽  
pp. 206-238
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. With
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Ecological Flows

Landscape connectivity is essential for maintaining ecological flows across landscapes. Processes as diverse as dispersal; gene flow; the flow of water, materials and nutrients; the spread of invasive species, diseases, or pests; or the spread of disturbances like fire, are all potentially influenced by the connectivity of different land covers and land uses. Landscape connectivity can be defined structurally as well as functionally. Landscape connectivity may therefore be treated as either an independent variable, in terms of studying how landscape connectivity influences ecological flows, or as a dependent variable in which landscape connectivity emerges as a consequence of how species or ecological flows interact with landscape structure. This chapter thus explores the different scales and ways in which connectivity can be measured and studied, providing a bridge between the previous chapter on landscape pattern analysis and the chapters that follow on the effects of landscape pattern on ecological processes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of African clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) occurring in urbanised areas of Gauteng, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian W. Ponsonby ◽  
M. Thabang Madisha ◽  
Schwaibold Schwaibold ◽  
Desiré L. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
High Gene

Genetic diversity is the basis of the evolutionary potential of species to respond to environmental changes. However, restricting the movement of species can result in populations becoming less connected which can reduce gene flow and can subsequently result in a loss of genetic diversity. Urban expansion can lead to the fragmentation of habitats which affects the ability of species to move freely between areas. In this study, the genetic diversity of the African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) in Gauteng (South Africa) was assessed using non-invasive sampling techniques. DNA was extracted from spraint (faecal) samples collected along nine rivers and genotyped using 10 microsatellites to assess population structure and genetic diversity. Samples were grouped based on locality and by catchment to determine whether isolated subpopulations exist. Genetic diversity of A. capensis in Gauteng was found to be low (mean observed heterozygosity (Ho)=0.309). Analysis of genetic structure provides support for the otter populations being panmictic with high gene flow between populations from different rivers. Results from the study indicate that the movement of A. capensis is not affected by physical barriers in urbanised areas. However, because the genetic diversity of the species in the study area is low, these animals may not be able to cope with future environmental changes.

scholarly journals Fine-scale landscape genetics unveiling contemporary asymmetric movement of red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Kangchenjunga landscape, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyo Dalui ◽  
Hiren Khatri ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Singh ◽  
Shambadeb Basu ◽  
Avijit Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow ◽  
Red Panda ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Ailurus Fulgens

Abstract Wildlife management in rapid changing landscapes requires critical planning through cross cutting networks, and understanding of landscape features, often affected by the anthropogenic activities. The present study demonstrates fine-scale spatial patterns of genetic variation and contemporary gene flow of red panda (Ailurus fulgens) populations with respect to landscape connectivity in Kangchenjunga Landscape (KL), India. The study found about 1,309.54 km2 area suitable for red panda in KL—India, of which 62.21% area fell under the Protected Area network. We identified 24 unique individuals from 234 feces collected at nine microsatellite loci. The spatially explicit and non-explicit Bayesian clustering algorithms evident to exhibit population structuring and supported red panda populations to exist in meta-population frame work. In concurrence to the habitat suitability and landscape connectivity models, gene flow results supported a contemporary asymmetric movement of red panda by connecting KL—India in a crescent arc. We demonstrate the structural-operational connectivity of corridors in KL—India that facilitated red panda movement in the past. We also seek for cooperation in Nepal, Bhutan and China to aid in preparing for a comprehensive monitoring plan for the long-term conservation and management of red panda in trans-boundary landscapes.

Landscape connectivity influences gene flow in a roe deer population inhabiting a fragmented landscape: an individual-based approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2841-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. COULON ◽  
J. F. COSSON ◽  
J. M. ANGIBAULT ◽  
B. CARGNELUTTI ◽  
M. GALAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Deer Population

Considering landscape connectivity and gene flow in the Anthropocene using complementary landscape genetics and habitat modelling approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Klinga ◽  
Martin Mikoláš ◽  
Peter Smolko ◽  
Martin Tejkal ◽  
Jacob Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Habitat Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approaches

Threats to environmentally sensitive areas from peri-urban expansion in Mauritius

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. HAMMOND ◽  
V. GOND ◽  
C. BAIDER ◽  
F. B. V. FLORENS ◽  
S. PERSAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Tropical Islands ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Global Growth

SUMMARYRapid population growth and economic change on the tropical islands of Mauritius have led to one of the highest rates of urban build-out in the world. Pressure on many of the island's natural features and resources increasingly risks further degradation to the environmental services that they provide to the country. Fourteen types of marine and terrestrial environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) are critical to the nation's sustainable development. Twelve of these ESA types are currently at risk of degradation, owing to their spatial proximity to built-up areas (BUAs) and current use designation. There was a bimodal distribution in proximity; eight of the 12 ESA types analysed had an area-weighted modal peak < 500 m from the nearest BUA, and four ESAs had a modal peak 2–3 km from the nearest BUA. Six coastal and marine ESAs had limited protection from urban expansion and over-use. The Mauritian experience reflects trends that are emerging across many tropical developing countries, where the bulk of future global growth in urban area is expected to occur. The approach detailed in this case study is replicable and may be useful in assessing degradation risk as a result of urban expansion in other island countries.

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