scholarly journals Striatal iron content is linked to reduced fronto-striatal brain function under working memory load

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Rodrigue ◽  
Ana M. Daugherty ◽  
Chris M. Foster ◽  
Kristen M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNon-heme iron accumulation contributes to age-related decline in brain structure and cognition via a cascade of oxidative stress and inflammation, although its effect on brain function is largely unexplored. Thus, we examine the impact of striatal iron on dynamic range of BOLD modulation to working memory load. N=166 healthy adults (age 20-94) underwent cognitive testing and an imaging session including n-back (0-, 2-, 3-, and 4-back fMRI), R2*-weighted imaging, and pcASL to measure cerebral blood flow. A statistical model was constructed to predict voxelwise BOLD modulation by age, striatal iron content and an age × iron interaction, controlling for cerebral blood flow, sex, and task response time. A significant interaction between age and striatal iron content on BOLD modulation was found selectively in the putamen, caudate, and inferior frontal gyrus. Greater iron was associated with reduced modulation to difficulty, particularly in middle-aged and younger adults with greater iron content. Further, iron-related decreases in modulation were associated with poorer executive function in an age-dependent manner. These results suggest that iron may contribute to differences in functional brain activation prior to older adulthood, highlighting the potential role of iron as an early factor contributing to trajectories of functional brain aging.

scholarly journals Striatal iron content is linked to reduced fronto-striatal brain function under working memory load

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 116544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Rodrigue ◽  
Ana M. Daugherty ◽  
Chris M. Foster ◽  
Kristen M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load

EXPRESS: Bored, distracted and forgetful – The impact of mind wandering and boredom on memory encoding

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110263
Author(s):  
Philippe Blondé ◽  
Marco Sperduti ◽  
Dominique Makowski ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Impact

Mind wandering, defined as focusing attention toward task unrelated thoughts, is a common mental state known to impair memory encoding. This phenomenon is closely linked to boredom. Very few studies, however, have tested the potential impact of boredom on memory encoding. Thus, the present study aimed at manipulating mind wandering and boredom during an incidental memory encoding task, to test their differential impact on memory encoding. Thirty-two participants performed a variant of the n-back task in which they had to indicate if the current on-screen object was the same as the previous one (1-back; low working memory load) or the one presented three trials before (3-back; high working memory load). Moreover, thought probes assessing either mind wandering or boredom were randomly presented. Afterward, a surprise recognition task was delivered. Results showed that mind wandering and boredom were highly correlated, and both decreased in the high working memory load condition, while memory performance increased. Although both boredom and mind wandering predicted memory performance taken separately, we found that mind wandering was the only reliable predictor of memory performance when controlling for boredom and working memory load. Model comparisons also revealed that a model with boredom only was outperformed by a model with mind wandering only and a model with both mind wandering and boredom, suggesting that the predictive contribution of boredom in the complete model is minimal. The present results confirm the high correlation between mind wandering and boredom and suggest that the hindering effect of boredom on memory is subordinate to the effect of mind wandering.

scholarly journals Preprint: The impact of cognitive control, incentives, and working memory load on the P3 responses of externalizing prisoners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Baskin–Sommers ◽  
Elizabeth A. Krusemark ◽  
John Joseph Curtin ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Aleice Vujnovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Process Level ◽  
Global Reduction ◽  
Back Task

The P3 amplitude reduction is one of the most common correlates of externalizing. However, few studies have used experimental manipulations designed to challenge different cognitive functions in order to clarify the processes that impact this reduction. To examine factors moderating P3 amplitude in trait externalizing, we administered an n-back task that manipulated cognitive control demands, working memory load, and incentives to a sample of male offenders. Offenders with high trait externalizing scores did not display a global reduction in P3 amplitude. Rather, the negative association between trait externalizing and P3 amplitude was specific to trials involving inhibition of a dominant response during infrequent stimuli, in the context of low working memory load, and incentives for performance. In addition, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for externalizing-related psychopathologies. The results complement and expand previous work on the process-level dysfunction contributing to externalizing-related deficits in P3.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN HUMANS: PHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AUTOREGULATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen ◽  
Dick H.J. Thijssen ◽  
Ronney B Panerai ◽  
Frank M. Faraci
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact

Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure, 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)], 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans), and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the inter-relationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of verbal and visuospatial working memory load on eye-gaze cueing

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1420-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Law ◽  
Stephen R. H. Langton ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Working Memory, Strategy Execution, and Strategy Selection in Mental Arithmetic

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ineke Imbo ◽  
Sandrine Duverne ◽  
Patrick Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Strategy Selection ◽  
Strategy Execution ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Complex Multiplications ◽  
The Impact

A total of 72 participants estimated products of complex multiplications of two-digit operands (e.g., 63 × 78), using two strategies that differed in complexity. The simple strategy involved rounding both operands down to the closest decades (e.g., 60 × 70), whereas the complex strategy required rounding both operands up to the closest decades (e.g., 70 × 80). Participants accomplished this estimation task in two conditions: a no-load condition and a working-memory load condition in which executive components of working memory were taxed. The choice/no-choice method was used to obtain unbiased strategy execution and strategy selection data. Results showed that loading working-memory resources led participants to poorer strategy execution. Additionally, participants selected the simple strategy more often under working-memory load. We discuss the implications of the results to further our understanding of variations in strategy selection and execution, as well as our understanding of the impact of working-memory load on arithmetic performance and other cognitive domains.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive control, incentives, and working memory load on the P3 responses of externalizing prisoners

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle R. Baskin-Sommers ◽  
Elizabeth A. Krusemark ◽  
John J. Curtin ◽  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Aleice Vujnovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Law ◽  
Steven L. Trawley ◽  
Louise A. Brown ◽  
Amanda N. Stephens ◽  
Robert H. Logie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
The Impact
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