scholarly journals Experimental and field data support habitat expansion of the allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica owing to parental legacy of heavy metal hyperaccumulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Paape ◽  
Reiko Akiyma ◽  
Teo Cereghetti ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Akira Hirao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Arabidopsis Kamchatica ◽  
Native Soils ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractLittle empirical evidence is available whether allopolyploid species combine or merge adaptations of parental species. The allopolyploid species Arabidopsis kamchatica is a natural hybrid of the diploid parents A. halleri, a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, and A. lyrata, a non-hyperaccumulating species. Zinc and cadmium were measured in native soils and leaf tissues in natural populations, and in hydroponic cultures of A. kamchatica and A. halleri. Pyrosequencing was used to estimate homeolog expression ratios. Soils from human modified sites showed significantly higher Zn concentrations than non-modified sites. Leaf samples of A. kamchatica collected from 40 field localities had > 1,000 µg g-1 Zn in over half of the populations, with significantly higher amounts of Zn concentrations in plants from human modified sites. In addition, serpentine soils were found in two populations. Most genotypes accumulated >3000 µg g-1 of Zn in hydroponic culture with high variability among them. Genes involved in hyperaccumulation showed a bias in the halleri-derived homeolog. A. kamchatica has retained constitutive hyperaccumulation ability inherited from A. halleri. Our field and experimental data provides a compelling example in which the inheritance of genetic toolkits for soil adaptations likely contributed to the habitat expansion of an allopolyploid species.

scholarly journals A Test of the Inadvertent Uptake Hypothesis Using Plant Species Adapted to Serpentine Soil

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
George A. Meindl ◽  
Mark I. Poggioli ◽  
Daniel J. Bain ◽  
Michael A. Colón ◽  
Tia-Lynn Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals

Serpentine soils are a stressful growing environment for plants, largely due to nutrient deficiencies and high concentrations of toxic heavy metals (e.g., Ni). Plants have evolved various adaptations for tolerating these extreme environments, including metal hyperaccumulation into above-ground tissues. However, the adaptive significance of metal hyperaccumulation is a topic of debate, with several non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses under study. For example, the inadvertent uptake hypothesis (IUH) states that heavy metal accumulation is a consequence of an efficient nutrient-scavenging mechanism for plants growing in nutrient-deficient soils. Thus, it is possible that metal hyperaccumulation is simply a byproduct of non-specific ion transport mechanisms allowing plants to grow in nutrient-deficient soils, such as serpentine soils, while simultaneously tolerating other potentially toxic heavy metals. Furthermore, some nutrient needs are tissue-specific, and heavy metal toxicity can be more pronounced in reproductive tissues; thus, studies are needed that document nutrient and metal uptake into vegetative and reproductive plant tissues across species of plants that vary in the degree to which they accumulate soil metals. To test these ideas, we grew nine plant species that are variously adapted to serpentine soils (i.e., Ni-hyperaccumulating endemic, non-hyperaccumulating endemic, indicator, or indifferent) in a common garden greenhouse experiment. All species were grown in control soils, as well as those that were amended with the heavy metal Ni, and then analyzed for macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K, and P), micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Mo), and heavy metal (Cr and Co) concentrations in their vegetative and reproductive organs (leaves, anthers, and pistils). In accordance with the IUH, we found that hyperaccumulators often accumulated higher concentrations of nutrients and metals compared to non-hyperaccumulating species, although these differences were often organ-specific. Specifically, while hyperaccumulators accumulated significantly more K and Co across all organs, Cu was higher in leaves only, while Mn and Zn were higher in anthers only. Furthermore, hyperaccumulators accumulated significantly more Co and Mo across all organs when Ni was added to the soil environment. Our work provides additional evidence in support of the IUH, and contributes to our understanding of serpentine adaptation in plants.

Hybridization in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex): terrestrial performance of newly metamorphosed hybrid and parental genotypes in field enclosures

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1552-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Parris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Rana Blairi ◽  
Advanced Generation

Terrestrial ecology has been largely neglected in the study of amphibian life histories because it is difficult to manipulate most species during the terrestrial stage. I examined the terrestrial performance of Rana blairi, Rana sphenocephala, and four hybrid (two F1 and two advanced generation) genotypes in replicated experimental enclosures to test for differences in traits related to juvenile terrestrial fitness. I produced all genotypes by means of artificial fertilizations using frogs collected from natural populations in central Missouri, and juvenile frogs were obtained from larvae reared in experimental ponds. Following metamorphosis, froglets were raised in single-genotype groups in terrestrial enclosures through the first overwintering. The proportion surviving did not vary among genotypes, but the power to detect significant differences was low. F1 hybrid genotypes BS and SB demonstrated significantly higher growth rates than either parental species or advanced-generation hybrid genotypes. Observation of growth rates of advanced-generation hybrids equal to those of the parental species, and heterosis in F1 hybrids for growth rate, suggests that natural hybridization between R. blairi and R. sphenocephala can produce novel and relatively fit hybrid genotypes. Direct measurement of multiple fitness components for hybrid and parental genotypes is critical for assessing the evolutionary potential of natural hybridization in organisms with complex life cycles.

scholarly journals Visualizing Hotspots and Future Trends in Phytomining Research Through Scientometrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xiaohui Ji ◽  
Xuegang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Prolific Authors

Phytomining has attracted widespread attention as a technique for harvesting “bio-ore.” This technology has potential applications in the metal and minerals industry for low-grade metal and mineral mining as well as metal recycling from polluted soil. The hotspots and future trends of this technology deserve in-depth exploration. This paper presents a systematic review of the phytomining research area through the scientometrics method based on the citation data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The results show that the earliest phytomining-related research was published in 1997. Between 1997 and 2019, 232 publications were published in 109 journals. Plant and Soil, the International Journal of Phytoremediation, and the Journal of Geochemical Exploration were the top three most prolific journals and accounted for 18.1% of these publications. Guillaume Echevarria, J.L. Morel, and Antony Van der Ent were the top three most prolific authors, and their work accounted for 40.1% of these publications. The cluster results of document co-citation analysis revealed that the hotspots in phytomining research area mainly includes “nickel accumulation,” “heavy metal uptake,” “mining site,” “heavy metal,” “hyperaccumulation yield,” “growth effect,” and “alternative method.” Keyword burst detection results find that the hot topics have changed over time from “phytomining” to “agromining”; from “contaminated soil” to “serpentine soil”; and from “mechanism” to “phytomining process” and “commercial phytoextraction.” This study describes the intellectual landscape of research and provides future research directions for phytomining research so that researchers can identify future research topics and partners.

scholarly journals Experimental and Field Data Support Range Expansion in an Allopolyploid Arabidopsis Owing to Parental Legacy of Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Paape ◽  
Reiko Akiyama ◽  
Teo Cereghetti ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Akira S. Hirao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Data Support

Variation in cone morphology and seed characters in Pinus strobus in Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Genotypic Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Cone Scale

To investigate the patterns of variation in white pine (Pinus strobus L.), 10 natural populations from Quebec were compared using the phenotypic variation of cone and seed traits. Eight characters were measured on 10 cones collected from 30 trees in each of the 10 sampled populations. Four populations were from the Ottawa River region and four from the St. Lawrence Lowlands region, while two populations were at the margin of the natural range of the species in Quebec, from the Abitibi region and Anticosti Island. Significant differences among populations were detected for each character. Estimates of repeatability of these traits were relatively high, suggesting substantial genotypic control over them. These estimates were consistent from population to population. Results of multivariate analyses suggest that populations from the Ottawa River region are similar to those from the St. Lawrence region, with populations from these regions diverging only in cone scale length. However, populations from the St. Lawrence region were more distinct from each other than those from the Ottawa River region. The population from Abitibi deviates considerably from the other populations, suggesting habitat-selection pressures acting at the margin of the natural range of the species under continental conditions. Finally, no general geographical trend was detected in the observed variation. Key words: white pine, morphology, cone, seed, variation.

Mating patterns in self-compatible distylous populations of Amsinckia (Boraginaceae)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Ganders
Keyword(s):  
Random Mating ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Structure Population ◽  
Disassortative Mating ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Flower Form ◽  
Two Populations

Progeny tests of naturally pollinated pin- and thrum-form plants of two species of Amsinckia were conducted to determine whether net selfing, random mating, or net disassortative mating occurred in natural populations. The locus determining flower form was used as a marker gene. Amsinckia spectabilis experienced close to random mating in a dense population, but in a small, diffuse population a high rate of selfing was indicated. Pin plants of Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata experienced 44.3% net disassortative mating, and thrum plants in this species experienced complete (100%) disassortative mating.Compared with A. spectabilis, stigmas and anthers are about twice as far apart in A. vernicosa var. furcata; yet the pollinators are essentially similar, suggesting that greater separation of stigmas and anthers greatly improves the efficiency of distyly at promoting disassortative pollination. The two populations of A. spectabilis studied indicate that autogamy and (or) geitonogamy is much higher in diffuse populations. The results support previous studies that disassortative pollination is greater in thrum-form flowers than in pin flowers. Distyly without self-incompatibility can be an effective outbreeding system but is much more sensitive to variations in floral structure, population density, and pollinator behavior than are self-incompatible breeding systems.

Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoe Yang ◽  
Ying Feng ◽  
Zhenli He ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation

scholarly journals Major QTL controls adaptation to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Selby ◽  
John H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Spatially Varying Selection ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Major Qtl

ABSTRACTSpatially varying selection is a critical driver of adaptive differentiation. Yet, there are few examples where the fitness effects of naturally segregating variants that contribute to local adaptation have been measured in the field. This project investigates the genetic basis of adaption to serpentine soils in Mimulus guttatus. Reciprocal transplant studies show that serpentine and non-serpentine populations of M. guttatus are genetically differentiated in their ability to survive on serpentine soils. We mapped serpentine tolerance by performing a bulk segregant analysis on F2 survivors from a field transplant study and identify a single QTL where individuals that are homozygous for the non-serpentine allele do not survive on serpentine soils. This same QTL controls serpentine tolerance in a second, geographically distant population. A common garden study where the two serpentine populations were grown on each other′s soil finds that one of the populations has significantly lower survival on this “foreign” serpentine soil compared to its home soil. So, while these two populations share a major QTL they either differ at other loci involved in serpentine adaptation or have different causal alleles at this QTL. This raises the possibility that serpentine populations may not be broadly tolerant to serpentine soils but may instead be locally adapted to their particular patch. Nevertheless, despite the myriad chemical and physical challenges that plants face in serpentine habitats, adaptation to these soils in M. guttatus has a simple genetic basis.

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