scholarly journals Relaxed constraint and functional divergence of the progesterone receptor (PGR) in the human stem-lineage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Marinić ◽  
Vincent J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Catarrhine Primates ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Stem Lineage

AbstractThe steroid hormone progesterone, acting through the progesterone receptor (PR), a ligand-activated DNA-binding transcription factor, plays an essential role in regulating nearly every aspect of female reproductive biology. While many reproductive traits regulated by PR are conserved in mammals, Catarrhine primates evolved several derived traits including spontaneous decidualization, menstruation, and a divergent (and unknown) parturition signal, suggesting that PR may also have evolved divergent functions in Catarrhines. There is conflicting evidence, however, whether the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) was positively selected in the human lineage. Here we show thatPGRevolved rapidly in the human stem-lineage (as well as other Catarrhine primates), which likely reflects an episode of relaxed selection intensity rather than positive selection. Coincident with the episode of relaxed selection intensity, ancestral sequence resurrection and functional tests indicate that the major human PR isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) evolved divergent functions in the human stem-lineage. These results suggest that the regulation of progesterone signaling by PR-A and PR-B may also have diverged in the human lineage and that non-human animal models of progesterone signaling may not faithfully recapitulate human biology.

scholarly journals Polymorphism and association of progesterone receptor gene with milk production and reproductive traits of rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9.) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
Lubomir Ondruska ◽  
Vladimir Parkanyi ◽  
Jan Rafay ◽  
Alica Navratilova
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Genotype A

Using the PCR RFLP method polymorphism and three different genotypes (AA, AG and GG) were detected in the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) promoter in a local Slovak crossbred rabbit line. We have noted a slightly majority frequency of allele A (0.53) over allele G (0.47). Comparing the observed and expected genotype frequencies with the χ<sup>2</sup> test the results were statistically significant, which means the tested rabbit population was non-equilibrium. The best results and significantly highest milk production (P &lt; 0.001) were recorded in the does of GG genotype compared to AA genotype. Other association studies aimed at the effect of genotypes on litter size showed the highest litter size and number of weaned rabbits per litter in GG genotype. A significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) average number of stillborn kits per litter was in the group of does with AA genotype (0.62) compared with GG genotype (0.34).

Progesterone receptor (PROGINS) polymorphism and the risk of endometrial cancer development

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Junqueira ◽  
I. D.C.G. Da Silva ◽  
N. C. Nogueira-De-Souza ◽  
C. V. Carvalho ◽  
D. B. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Gene ◽  
Risk Modifier

The progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS) has been identified as a risk modifier for benign and malignant gynecological diseases. The present case-control study is to evaluate the role of the PROGINS polymorphisms, as risk factor, for endometrial cancer development and to investigate the association between these genetics variants and clinical/pathologic variables of endometrial cancer. PROGINS polymorphism was examined in a total of 121 patients with endometrial cancer and 282 population-based control subjects, all located at the same area in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The genotyping of PROGINS polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The frequencies of PROGINS polymorphism T1/T1, T1/T2, and T2/T2 were 82.6%, 14.9%, and 2.5% in the endometrial cancer patients and 78.4%, 21.6%, and 0% in the controls, respectively. The χ2 test showed a higher incidence of the T2/T2 genotype in the endometrial cancer group subjects, these results were statistically different (P= 0.012). However, due to the fact that there were no women in the control group showing homozygosis for the allele T2, the correct evaluation of odds ratio could not be properly calculated. Regarding the clinical and pathologic findings observed within the group of patients with endometrial cancer, there was significant correlation between T1/T2 genotype and the presence of myoma (P= 0.048). No correlations were observed among the other variables. These data suggest that the PROGINS polymorphism T2/T2 genotype might be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

+331(G>A) polymorphism in progesterone receptor gene is not associated with spontaneous preterm birth

2005 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
pp. S162
Author(s):  
Errol Norwitz ◽  
Thomas Morgan ◽  
Victoria Snegovskikh ◽  
Jessica Illuzzi ◽  
Catalin Buhimschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Gene

Genetics of endometriosis: a role for the progesterone receptor gene polymorphism PROGINS?

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Lattuada ◽  
Edgardo Somigliana ◽  
Paola Vigano ◽  
Massimo Candiani ◽  
Giorgio Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Gene
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