scholarly journals Multivariate pattern analysis techniques for electroencephalography data to study interference effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David López-García ◽  
Alberto Sobrado ◽  
José M. G. Peñalver ◽  
Juan Manuel Górriz ◽  
María Ruz
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Initial Approximation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
New Information ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractA central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to understand the neural mechanisms that underlie the capacity to control our behavior according to internal goals. Flanker tasks, which require responding to stimuli surrounded by distracters that trigger incompatible action tendencies, are frequently used to measure this conflict. Even though the interference generated in these situations has been broadly studied, multivariate analysis techniques can shed new light into the underlying neural mechanisms. The current study is an initial approximation to adapt an interference Flanker paradigm embedded in a Demand-Selection Task to a format that allows measuring concurrent high-density electroencephalography. We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode conflictrelated neural processes associated with congruent or incongruent target events in a time-frequency resolved way. Our results replicate findings obtained with other analysis approaches and offer new information regarding the dynamics of the underlying mechanisms, which show signs of reinstantiation. Our findings, some of which could not had been obtained with classic analytical strategies, open novel avenues of research.

scholarly journals Multivariate Pattern Analysis Techniques for Electroencephalography Data to Study Flanker Interference Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050024
Author(s):  
David López-García ◽  
Alberto Sobrado ◽  
José M. G. Peñalver ◽  
Juan Manuel Górriz ◽  
María Ruz
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Initial Approximation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
New Information ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

A central challenge in cognitive neuroscience is to understand the neural mechanisms that underlie the capacity to control our behavior according to internal goals. Flanker tasks, which require responding to stimuli surrounded by distracters that trigger incompatible action tendencies, are frequently used to measure this conflict. Even though the interference generated in these situations has been broadly studied, multivariate analysis techniques can shed new light into the underlying neural mechanisms. The current study is an initial approximation to adapt an interference Flanker paradigm embedded in a Demand-Selection Task (DST) to a format that allows measuring concurrent high-density electroencephalography (EEG). We used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode conflict-related electrophysiological markers associated with congruent or incongruent target events in a time-frequency resolved way. Our results replicate findings obtained with other analysis approaches and offer new information regarding the dynamics of the underlying mechanisms, which show signs of reinstantiation. Our findings, some of which could not have been obtained with classic analytical strategies, open novel avenues of research.

Role of the occipito-temporal theta rhythm in hand visual identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Moreau ◽  
Eleonora Parrotta ◽  
Vanessa Era ◽  
Maria Luisa Martelli ◽  
Matteo Candidi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Healthy Participants

Neuroimaging and EEG studies have shown that passive observation of the full body and of specific body parts is associated with 1) activity of an occipito-temporal region named the extrastriate body area (EBA), 2) amplitude modulations of a specific posterior event-related potential (ERP) component (N1/N190), and 3) a theta-band (4–7 Hz) synchronization recorded from occipito-temporal electrodes compatible with the location of EBA. To characterize the functional role of the occipito-temporal theta-band increase during the processing of body-part stimuli, we recorded EEG from healthy participants while they were engaged in an identification task (match-to-sample) of images of hands and nonbody control images (leaves). In addition to confirming that occipito-temporal electrodes show a larger N1 for hand images compared with control stimuli, cluster-based analysis revealed an occipito-temporal cluster showing an increased theta power when hands are presented (compared with leaves) and show that this theta increase is higher for identified hands compared with nonidentified ones while not being significantly different between not identified nonhand stimuli. Finally, single trial multivariate pattern analysis revealed that time-frequency modulation in the theta band is a better marker for classifying the identification of hand images than the ERP modulation. The present results support the notion that theta activity over the occipito-temporal cortex is an informative marker of hand visual processing and may reflect the activity of a network coding for stimulus identity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hands provide crucial information regarding the identity of others, which is a key information for social processes. We recorded EEG activity of healthy participants during the visual identification of hand images. The combination of univariate and multivariate pattern analysis in time- and time-frequency domain highlights the functional role of theta (4–7 Hz) activity over visual areas during hand identification and emphasizes the robustness of this neuromarker in occipito-temporal visual processing dynamics.

scholarly journals Distracted by affective pictures: Neural mechanisms revealed by multivariate pattern analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Ke Bo ◽  
Nathan Petro ◽  
Changhao Xiong ◽  
Andreas Keil ◽  
Mingzhou Ding
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

scholarly journals Finding the P3 in the P600: Decoding shared neural mechanisms of responses to syntactic violations and oddball target detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Sassenhagen ◽  
Christian J. Fiebach
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Visual Oddball ◽  
Substantial Degree

AbstractThe P600 Event-Related Brain Potential, elicited by syntactic violations in sentences, is generally interpreted as indicating language-specific structural/combinatorial processing, with far-reaching implications for models of language. P600 effects are also often taken as evidence for language-like grammars in non-linguistic domains like music or arithmetic. An alternative account, however, interprets the P600 as a P3, a domain-general brain response to salience. Using time-generalized multivariate pattern analysis, we demonstrate that P3 EEG patterns, elicited in a visual Oddball experiment, account for the P600 effect elicited in a syntactic violation experiment: P3 pattern-trained MVPA can classify P600 trials just as well as P600-trained ones. A second study replicates and generalizes this finding, and demonstrates its specificity by comparing it to face- and semantic mismatch-associated EEG responses. These results indicate that P3 and P600 share neural patterns to a substantial degree, calling into question the interpretation of P600 as a language-specific brain response and instead strengthening its association with the P3. More generally, our data indicate that observing P600-like brain responses provides no direct evidence for the presence of language-like grammars, in language or elsewhere.

scholarly journals Different Neural Mechanisms Underlie Non-habitual Honesty and Non-habitual Cheating

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian P. H. Speer ◽  
Ale Smidts ◽  
Maarten A. S. Boksem
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

There is a long-standing debate regarding the cognitive nature of (dis)honesty: Is honesty an automatic response or does it require willpower in the form of cognitive control in order to override an automatic dishonest response. In a recent study (Speer et al., 2020), we proposed a reconciliation of these opposing views by showing that activity in areas associated with cognitive control, particularly the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), helped dishonest participants to be honest, whereas it enabled cheating for honest participants. These findings suggest that cognitive control is not needed to be honest or dishonest per se but that it depends on an individual’s moral default. However, while our findings provided insights into the role of cognitive control in overriding a moral default, they did not reveal whether overriding honest default behavior (non-habitual dishonesty) is the same as overriding dishonest default behavior (non-habitual honesty) at the neural level. This speaks to the question as to whether cognitive control mechanisms are domain-general or may be context specific. To address this, we applied multivariate pattern analysis to compare neural patterns of non-habitual honesty to non-habitual dishonesty. We found that these choices are differently encoded in the IFG, suggesting that engaging cognitive control to follow the norm (that cheating is wrong) fundamentally differs from applying control to violate this norm.

scholarly journals Multi-voxel pattern analysis reveals a neural phenotype for trust bias in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Tashjian ◽  
Joao F Guassi Moreira ◽  
Adriana Galván
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

The extent to which individuals are inclined to judge unfamiliar others as trustworthy can have important implications for social functioning. Using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), a neural phenotype of trust bias was identified in 48 human adolescents (ages 14-18 years, 26 female). Adolescents who exhibited more similar brain response to faces at the extremes of a trustworthy gradient were more likely to rate neutral faces as trustworthy. This relation between neural pattern representation and trust bias was evinced in the amygdala. Amygdala-insula connectivity dissimilarity to faces at the extremes of the trustworthy gradient was associated with greater trust bias to neutral faces, serving as a distinct circuit-level contributor to decision making over and above of amygdala pattern similarity. These findings aid understanding of neural mechanisms contributing to individual differences in social evaluations of ambiguity.

scholarly journals Examining Similarity Structure: Multidimensional Scaling and Related Approaches in Neuroimaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Shinkareva ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Douglas H. Wedell
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Similarity Structure ◽  
Brain Data ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

This paper covers similarity analyses, a subset of multivariate pattern analysis techniques that are based on similarity spaces defined by multivariate patterns. These techniques offer several advantages and complement other methods for brain data analyses, as they allow for comparison of representational structure across individuals, brain regions, and data acquisition methods. Particular attention is paid to multidimensional scaling and related approaches that yield spatial representations or provide methods for characterizing individual differences. We highlight unique contributions of these methods by reviewing recent applications to functional magnetic resonance imaging data and emphasize areas of caution in applying and interpreting similarity analysis methods.

scholarly journals Prestimulus alpha power is related to the strength of stimulus representation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Barne ◽  
Floris P. de Lange ◽  
André M. Cravo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Stimulus Representation ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Stimulus Identity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractSpatial attention can modulate behavioural performance and is associated with several electrophysiological markers. In this study, we used multivariate pattern analysis in electrophysiology data to investigate the effects of covert spatial attention on the quality of stimulus processing and underlying mechanisms. Our results show that covert spatial attention led to (i) an anticipatory alpha power desynchronization; (ii) enhanced stimuli identity information. Moreover, we found that alpha power fluctuations in anticipation of the relevant stimuli boosted and prolonged the coding of stimulus identity.

scholarly journals Finding the P3 in the P600: Decoding shared neural mechanisms of responses to syntactic violations and oddball targets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Sassenhagen ◽  
Christian Fiebach
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Visual Oddball ◽  
Substantial Degree

The P600 Event-Related Brain Potential, elicited by syntactic violations in sentences, is generally interpreted as indicating language-specific structural/combinatorial processing, with far-reaching implications for models of language. P600 effects are also often taken as evidence for language-like grammars in non-linguistic domains like music or arithmetic. An alternative account, however, interprets the P600 as a P3, a domain-general brain response to salience. Using time-generalized multivariate pattern analysis, we demonstrate that P3 EEG patterns, elicited in a visual Oddball experiment, account for the P600 effect elicited in a syntactic violation experiment: P3 pattern-trained MVPA can classify P600 trials just as well as P600-trained ones. A second study replicates and generalizes this finding, and demonstrates its specificity by comparing it to face- and semantic mismatch-associated EEG responses. These results indicate that P3 and P600 share neural patterns to a substantial degree, calling into question the interpretation of P600 as a language-specific brain response and instead strengthening its association with the P3. More generally, our data indicate that observing P600-like brain responses provides no direct evidence for the presence of language-like grammars, in language or elsewhere.

scholarly journals Multivoxel Pattern Analysis Reveals a Neural Phenotype for Trust Bias in Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1726-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Tashjian ◽  
João F. Guassi Moreira ◽  
Adriana Galván
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Multivoxel Pattern Analysis ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

The extent to which individuals are inclined to judge unfamiliar others as trustworthy can have important implications for social functioning. Using multivariate pattern analysis, a neural phenotype of trust bias was identified in 48 human adolescents (ages 14–18 years, 26 female). Adolescents who exhibited more similar brain response to faces at the extremes of a trustworthy gradient were more likely to rate neutral faces as trustworthy. This relation between neural pattern representation and trust bias was evinced in the amygdala. Amygdala–insula connectivity dissimilarity to faces at the extremes of the trustworthy gradient was associated with greater trust bias to neutral faces, serving as a distinct circuit-level contributor to decision-making over and above of amygdala pattern similarity. These findings aid understanding of neural mechanisms contributing to individual differences in social evaluations of ambiguity.

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