scholarly journals Vaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities in rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Smith ◽  
Marsida Kallupi ◽  
Lani Tieu ◽  
Abigail Jaquish ◽  
Jamie Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractThe debate about electronic cigarettes has divided healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities. Central points of disagreement are whether vaping electronic cigarettes are addictive and whether they produce major pulmonary complications. We developed a novel model of nicotine vapor self-administration in rats and found that rats voluntarily exposed themselves to nicotine vapor to the point of reaching blood nicotine levels that are similar to humans, exhibiting both addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The smoking cessation drug varenicline decreased electronic cigarette self-administration. These findings confirm the addictive properties and harmful effects of nicotine vapor and identify a potential medication for the treatment of electronic cigarette addiction.One Sentence SummaryVaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces cardiopulmonary abnormalities, nicotine dependence and addiction-like behaviors, which are reduced by the smoking cessation drug varenicline.

scholarly journals Facial Trauma Caused by Electronic Cigarette Explosion

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Vaught ◽  
Joseph Spellman ◽  
Anil Shah ◽  
Alexander Stewart ◽  
David Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Open Reduction Internal Fixation ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Endoscopic Repair ◽  
Device Malfunction ◽  
Tract Involvement

Electronic cigarettes are increasingly popular as a supposed safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes or a smoking cessation tool. Research and debate have focused primarily on possible adverse effects caused by the inhaled aerosol produced by electronic cigarettes and on smoking cessation efficacy. Few reports in the medical literature describe injuries secondary to device malfunction. We present a case of electronic cigarette explosion, with a projectile fracturing the patient's right naso-orbital-ethmoid complex and anterior and posterior frontal sinus tables, with frontal sinus outflow tract involvement. The patient underwent combined open and endoscopic repair, including open reduction internal fixation, with reconstitution and preservation of the frontal sinus and frontal sinus outflow tract. Additionally, we review the available data on electronic cigarette malfunction-including fires, explosions, associated injuries, and possible reasons for device malfunction–and discuss new 2016 U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations pertaining to electronic cigarettes.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn H Thompson ◽  
Dee A Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on nicotine dependence, nicotine pharmacology, health consequences associated with the use of nicotine, and nicotine replacement therapies used to aid smokers who are nicotine dependent. DATA SOURCES: A review of articles, book bibliographies, and published studies identified by a search of the MEDLINE database from 1982 to 1996 on nicotine dependence, nicotine addiction, nicotine withdrawal, smoking, smoking cessation, smoking intervention, nicotine pharmacology, nicotine pharmacokinetics, nicotine pharmacodynamics, and nicotine replacement therapies. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Inclusion criteria were published randomized, double-blind trials of at least 12 weeks' duration, meta-analyses, and panel consensus guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cigarette smoking and tobacco use have met the surgeon general's primary criteria as well as additional criteria for drug dependence. Drug dependence requires that the drug produce psychoactive effects. Nicotine has been identified as the cause of tobacco dependence. First, nicotine provides positive reinforcement by stimulating nicotinic receptors to promote high self-administration rates. Second, nicotine causes a negative reinforcement in the form of withdrawal symptoms when nicotine is withheld after chronic use. Nicotine replacement therapy reduces the severity of withdrawal symptoms in smokers abstaining from tobacco. Nicotine replacement therapy allows the smoker to focus on psychosocial aspects of tobacco abstinence while receiving relief from withdrawal symptoms. The long-term effectiveness and health benefits of nicotine replacement therapy coupled with nonpharmacologic approaches have been clearly established. Smoking cessation has received wide attention from the public and medical communities; it is complex and has several interwoven factors to be considered. The psychological, behavioral, and physical components have to be understood before designing a treatment plan. The most successful approaches to smoking cessation involve multicomponent, multisession behavioral treatment programs as a foundation coupled with pharmacologic intervention. Pharmacists can play a key role in initiating behavior change and ensuring the safe and proper use of nicotine replacement in order to produce the desired outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The optimum choice in nicotine replacement depends on the individual's needs and coping abilities. Individualized nicotine replacement coupled with nonpharmacologic interventions produces the highest rate of success for abstinence from nicotine.

Electronic Cigarettes: Their Role in the Lives of College Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110268
Author(s):  
Carla Daniel ◽  
Christa Haddad ◽  
Jamie L. McConaha ◽  
Philip Lunney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Electronic cigarettes have increased in popularity amongst college-aged adults. Although often advertised as smoking cessation tools, students have taken to them as their primary exposure to nicotine. For many reasons, e-cigarettes are extremely convenient and have become the most common tobacco products among this generation. Objective: To assess perceptions and reasons for e-cigarette use in college students Methods: A 20 question online Qualtrics® survey was distributed to college students aged 18 and above across the United States. All responses were anonymous and data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: Of those who used e-cigarettes, 67.7% are not likely to smoke when they are upset or sad, 56.8% disagree that stress is a factor, and 83.5% cited that alcohol was involved when smoking. Most respondents, 74% (n = 467), associated smoking with emotions of happiness, joy or peace. 43.7% who associated e-cigarettes with happiness or peace were more likely to agree that stress was an influence versus 26.5% for those who did not (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Results show a high prevalence of e-cigarette usage among college-aged students. Emotional pleasurable connections with e-cigarettes, similar to traditional cigarettes, play a role in their use. This information will allow healthcare professionals to tailor educational messages surrounding cessation.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Kaspick ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Chi Squared

  Background: Electronic cigarettes are a widely-used, yet still emerging technology. As such, there is relatively little data regarding the reasons why people take up their use. Many claim to use them as a smoking-cessation method. Concern exists that experimentation in non-smokers may lead to nicotine addiction and subsequent smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the primary reasons for the commencement of electronic cigarette use, and to suggest way in which these findings could affect current policies and regulations pertaining to electronic cigarettes. Methods: A survey examining electronic cigarette use was prepared. The survey contained questions respecting primary motivation for use, frequency of use, present and former smoking status as well as agreement with common perception about electronic cigarettes. Basic demographic information was also collected. The survey was posted to “www.reddit.com” and was accessible to users who used electronic cigarettes themselves via the “/r/electronic_cigarettes” sub-Reddit for a period of five days. Once responses were collected, Chi-square tests of independence were run to determine if any associations existed. Responses were also compared to previous studies of a similar nature to see if any similarities existed. Results: In total, 155 responses were received. The majority of the respondents were males (89.7%) between the ages of 19 and 28 (47.7%). 30.32% listed their occupation as “student”, and almost three-quarters of the respondents had some post-secondary experience. 78.1% of respondents were former smokers, and 61.3% identified their primary reason for electronic cigarette use as “to quit smoking.” Chi-squared tests for association between responses yielded statistically-significant associations between being a previous smoker and believing that electronic-cigarettes are healthier than conventional cigarettes, and between gender (specifically being male) and reasons for electronic cigarette use (specifically “to quit smoking”). However, the latter result was possibly skewed by a higher response rate from males as opposed to females. Conclusion: The high proportion of previous smokers among electronic cigarette users suggested that quitting smoking was the most common reason individuals take up electronic cigarette usage. It is therefore suggested that studies be done to determine if their use is less harmful than that of conventional cigarettes, and that existing legislation regarding their use in public be modified in light of this evidence. It is also suggested that they be given consideration as a legitimate means of smoking cessation.  

scholarly journals The electronic cigarette: the new cigarette of the 21st century?

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli Maria Knorst ◽  
Igor Gorski Benedetto ◽  
Mariana Costa Hoffmeister ◽  
Marcelo Basso Gazzana
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Controversy

The electronic nicotine delivery system, also known as the electronic cigarette, is generating considerable controversy, not only in the general population but also among health professionals. Smokers the world over have been increasingly using electronic cigarettes as an aid to smoking cessation and as a substitute for conventional cigarettes. There are few available data regarding the safety of electronic cigarettes. There is as yet no evidence that electronic cigarettes are effective in treating nicotine addiction. Some smokers have reported using electronic cigarettes for over a year, often combined with conventional cigarettes, thus prolonging nicotine addiction. In addition, the increasing use of electronic cigarettes by adolescents is a cause for concern. The objective of this study was to describe electronic cigarettes and their components, as well as to review the literature regarding their safety; their impact on smoking initiation and smoking cessation; and regulatory issues related to their use.

Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Mark G. Myers ◽  
Laura MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adolescent Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Current Knowledge Base

Despite declines in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence, rates remain high, with approximately 11% of high school seniors reporting current cigarette smoking. Moreover, use of other tobacco products has soared, with prevalence of electronic cigarettes and little cigars exceeding that of cigarettes. The present chapter reviews patterns of adolescent cigarette use, other tobacco use, adolescent nicotine dependence, factors associated with the etiology of cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation. Despite decades of research on adolescent smoking cessation, the development and progression of nicotine dependence are just beginning to be understood. Similarly, little is known regarding adolescent smoking cessation. Significant progress has been made in addressing and preventing adolescent cigarette use. However, critical gaps exist in the current knowledge base that must be addressed in order to improve efforts at halting the progression of adolescent nicotine dependence and enhancing interventions for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia in A Smoker, Relieved after Smoking Cessation with the Use of Electronic Cigarette: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S11175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos E. Farsalinos ◽  
Giorgio Romagna
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Quit Smoking

Introduction Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid. Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause. Case Presentation A male Caucasian patient, born in 1977, presented in September 2005 with asymptomatic elevation of white blood cell and neutrophil count, and mildly-elevated C-reactive protein levels. He was a smoker since 1996 and was treated with 20 mg/day of simvastatin since 2003 due to hyperlipidemia. Clinical examination, and laboratory and imaging investigations ruled out any infectious, haematological, rheumatological, or endocrine conditions. He was followed-up regularly and was advised to stop smoking. He had 2 unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking; one was unassisted and the second was performed with the use of both varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (patches). During the subsequent 6.5 years, his leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels were repeatedly elevated; the condition was consistent with chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. In February 2012, he started using electronic cigarettes and he managed to quit smoking within 10 days. After 6 months, laboratory examination showed normalized leukocyte count and C-reactive protein levels, confirmed immediately by a second laboratory and by repeated tests after 1 and 2 months. Conclusion Smoking cessation with the use of electronic cigarette led to reversal of chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. The daily use of electronic cigarette may help preserve the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette: a possible substitute for cigarette dependence

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Caponnetto ◽  
C. Russo ◽  
C.M. Bruno ◽  
A. Alamo ◽  
M.D. Amaradio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Cigarette Dependence

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality in western countries and it is important for smokers to stop as early as possible. Electronic cigarettes are a popular phenomenon of global proportion. Recent uncontrolled studies, reported that a certain number of smokers have quit using electronic cigarettes. This could hint a role for electronic cigarettes to be used for smoking cessation, and therefore merits further evaluation for this purpose. Besides vaporising nicotine to be inhaled, electronic cigarettes may also provide a coping mechanism for conditioned smoking cues by replacing some of the rituals associated with smoking gestures, and for these reasons cigarette could become a tool – if studied more extensively – in the fight against tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document