scholarly journals Modelling in vitro mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of Pseudocercospora musae under different illuminance levels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djalma M. Santana-Filho ◽  
Milene C. da Silva ◽  
Zilton J. M. Cordeiro ◽  
Hermínio S. Rocha ◽  
Francisco F. Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Exponential Behavior ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Small Glass ◽  
The World ◽  
Petri Plate

ABSTRACTBanana is one of the most produced fruits in the world. Many diseases infect the culture and yellow sigatoka is one of the most important. Light may interfere in the pre-penetration parameters of the fungus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of light on aspects of the life cycle of the causal agent. The action of light was tested in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of the fungus. For the mycelial growth 10 colonies were transferred to each Petri plate, by evaluating the green weight of a plate at each moment, in mg, at zero, 15, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of cultivation according to different illuminance levels. Under the same conditions, the sporulation was also quantified at 5, 7, 11, 13 and 14 days. For germination, equal volumes of a spore suspension were placed in small glass containers, which then were set in mini-shades (different illuminances). Every 1h, lacto-phenol was added to a glass from each environment paralyzing the growth, at the same time, illuminance measurements were made with a light meter. The data obtained from sporulation (linear relation) and germination (positive exponential behavior) were significant for the illuminance levels tested.Significance and Impact of the StudyYellow Sigatoka disease, caused by Pseudocercospora musae, is still one of the most importante banana diseases in Brazil. Its control demands the use of fungicides. New environmental-friendly control methods should be developed. Therefore, the behaviour of both fungus and plant-fungus interaction should be known. We modelled the in vitro behaviour of P. musae in function of light intensity. Our results can help to develop shading strategies to control yellow Sigatoka.

scholarly journals Variations in the Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans Isolates from Different Genetic Backgrounds to Dimethomorph

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Stein ◽  
W. W. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cyst Germination

The sensitivities of 11 isolates of Phytophthora infestans to dimethomorph were examined at all stages of the asexual life cycle and when inoculated onto potato leaf discs. In vitro zoospore encystment and cyst germination were highly sensitive to dimethomorph with 50% reduction of mycelial growth and cyst germination (EC50) values for most isolates <0.20 μg/ml, whereas direct sporangia germination and in vitro hyphal growth and sporulation were less sensitive (means of 0.45 and 0.22 μg/ml, respectively). Zoosporogenesis was not significantly inhibited at the maximum dimethomorph concentration examined, 10 μg/ml. Significant differences (Fisher's least significant difference, P = 0.05) in the EC50 values were present between isolates for all stages of the asexual life cycle, except direct sporangia germination and zoosporogenesis. Sensitivity ratios between the least- and most-sensitive isolates were 6.11, 12.14, 12.36, and 10.56 for hyphal growth, in vitro sporulation, zoospore encystment, and cyst germination, respectively. Application of dimethomorph at 1,000 μg/ml to potato leaf discs at 24 or 48 h before inoculation completely inhibited symptom incidence for most isolates, whereas application after inoculation generally was not significantly different from the untreated control, regardless of concentration. Sporulation from leaf discs treated with dimethomorph at 24 or 48 h after inoculation was completely inhibited for all isolates with dimethomorph at 1,000 μg/ml, even when symptom incidence was not significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Impact of Azoxystrobin, Dimethomorph, Fluazinam, Fosetyl-Al, and Metalaxyl on Growth, Sporulation, and Zoospore Cyst Germination of Three Phytophthora spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Matheron ◽  
M. Porchas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Cyst Germination

In vitro activity of azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, and fluazinam on growth, sporulation, and zoospore cyst germination of Phytophthora capsici, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica was compared to that of fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for)inhibition of mycelial growth of the three pathogens usually were lowest for dimethomorph and (metalaxyl, ranging from <0.1 to 0.38 μg/ml. However, the 90% effective concentration (EC90) levels for dimethomorph always were lower than the other four tested compounds, with values ranging from 0.32 to 1.6 μg/ml. Mycelial growth of P. capsici, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica was least affected by azoxystrobin and fluazinam, with estimated (EC90) values >3,000 μg/ml. Reduction of sporangium formation by P. capsici, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica in the presence of dimethomorph at 1 μg/ml was significantly greater than that recorded for the same concentration of azoxystrobin, fluazinam, and fosetyl-Al. For the three species of Phytophthora, zoospore motility was most sensitive to fluazinam (EC50 and EC90 values of <0.001 μg/ml) and (least sensitive to fosetyl-Al, with (EC50 and EC90 values ranging from 299 to 334 and 518 to 680 μg/ml, respectively). Germination of encysted zoospores of P. capsici, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica was most sensitive to dimethomorph (EC50 and EC90 values ranging from 3.3 to 7.2 and 5.6 to 21 μg/ml, respectively), intermediate in sensitivity to fluazinam (EC50 and EC90 from 18 to 108 and 67 to >1,000 μg/ml, respectively) and metalaxyl (EC50 and EC90 from 32 to 280 and 49 to 529 μg/ml, respectively), and lowest in sensitivity to azoxystrobin and fosetyl-Al (EC50 and EC90 from 256 to >1,000 μg/ml). The activity of azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, and fluazinam on one or more stages of the life cycle of P. capsici, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica suggests that these compounds potentially could provide Phytophthora spp. disease control comparable to that of the established fungicides fosetyl-Al and metalaxyl.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and Sacc. causing anthracnose of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2268-2272
Author(s):  
Devanshu Dev ◽  
T. Narendrappa
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely grown fruit in many regions of the world. Anthracnose of pomegranate is one of the limiting factor for low productivity and also the low market price. Therefore, the management of anthracnose disease is necessary. In this study new fungicide molecules are evaluated under in vitro condition against the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro screening of fungicides against C. gloeosporioides showed two combination product Hexaconazole + Zineb, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole and a nonsystemic fungicide Captan showed cent percent inhibition at 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration. Similarly, systemic fungicides Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Penconazole, Tebuconazole and Carbendazim showed cent percent mycelial inhibition at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations.

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Fugitive Dust Control Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 04020181
Author(s):  
Alena J. Raymond ◽  
Alissa Kendall ◽  
Jason T. DeJong ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian ◽  
Miriam A. Woolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fugitive Dust

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

Intervenções de carreira ao longo da vida: perspectivas e desafios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iúri Novaes Luna ◽  
Valéria De Bettio Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Development ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Career Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychosocial Processes ◽  
Diversity Of Life ◽  
Professional Guidance ◽  
Central Purpose

This book, comprised of 13 chapters, presents papers which discuss the processes related to the career along one’s life cycle, from adolescents’ professional choices until processes of retirement. Notwithstanding the diversity of life and work contexts, present in the different chapters, they all somewhat correspond in their central purpose, presenting both perspectives and challenges related to contemporary career interventions. Some chapters address themes that are still seldom explored in national literature, while others discuss subjects that are long established in the area, however they are innovative. The authors study them in the context of changes in the world of work in the second decade of the 21st century, of the new career models and psychosocial processes that are linked to human development throughout life. The studies and practices in vocational guidance, career development and retirement, included in this book, are the results of research and practice in recent years carried out by professionals, professors and academics that in different ways have collaborated with the activities of LIOP - Laboratory of Information and Professional Guidance, at the Federal University of Santa Catarina.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

The chronicle of COVID-19: possible strategies to curb the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Seetha Harilal ◽  
Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi ◽  
Githa Elizabeth Mathew ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Day By Day

: COVID-19, an epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, has become a pandemic affecting worldwide and is in a rapidly evolving condition. Day by day, the confirmed cases and deaths are increasing many folds. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus; therefore, limited data are available to curb the disease. Epidemiological approaches, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, and curfew are being employed to halt the spread of the disease. Individual and joint efforts all over the world are producing a wealth of data and information which are expected to produce therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Current research focuses on the utilization of antiviral drugs, repurposing strategies, vaccine development as well as basic to advanced research about the organism and the infection. The review focuses on the life cycle, targets, and possible therapeutic strategies, which can lead to further research and development of COVID-19 therapy.

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