scholarly journals Skilled strategies of release parameters for accurate free-throw shooting in the presence of motor noise

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyasu Nakano ◽  
Yuki Inaba ◽  
Senshi Fukashiro ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Success Probability ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Landing Position ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Motor Noise ◽  
Minimum Speed ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Solution Manifold

AbstractHow humans execute accurate movement in the presence of motor noise is a key problem in the field of biomechanics and motor control that limits the performance improvement in daily or sporting activities. The aim of this study was to clarify the strategy of basketball players during free-throw shooting. Two possible hypotheses were examined: the players minimize the release speed to decrease signal-dependent noise or the players maximize the shot success probability by accounting for their variability. Eight collegiate players and one professional player participated in this study by attempting shots from the free-throw line using a motion capture system. The solution manifold consisting of ball parameters at release was calculated and the optimal strategy was simulated by considering ball parameter variability; this result was compared with the actual data. Our results showed that participants selected the solution of near-minimum release speed. The deviation of the measured release angle from the minimum-speed angle was close to zero (2.8 ± 3.1°). However, an increase in speed-dependent noise did not have a significant influence on the ball landing position through simulation. Additionally, the effect of release angle error on the ball landing position was minimum when using the minimum speed strategy. Therefore, the players minimize the release speed to minimize the effect of the release error on performance, instead of minimizing the speed-dependent noise itself. In other words, the strategy is “near-minimum-speed strategy” as well as “minimum-error-propagation strategy”. These findings will be important for understanding how sports experts deal with intrinsic noise to improve performance.

Basketball players minimize the effect of motor noise by using near-minimum release speed in free-throw shooting

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 102583
Author(s):  
Nobuyasu Nakano ◽  
Yuki Inaba ◽  
Senshi Fukashiro ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Motor Noise ◽  
Release Speed

scholarly journals Effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics in young basketball players: a case study (Efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento sobre el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto: un caso de estu

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Pedro Grenha ◽  
José Moura ◽  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
Pedro Fonseca ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Release Height ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Experimental Group

  The current study intended to investigate the effects of a self-training program on shooting performance and kinematics of young basketball players. Fourteen male basketball players aged 16.64±.50 years, divided in control group (n=7) and experimental group (n=7), were assessed on free-throw, two-point and three-point shooting performance and on four kinematic parameters (release height, release angle, release speed and trajectory variability), before and after a five-week training program. During the five-week period, the experimental group accomplished a shooting training program that included 600 shots per week. Both groups maintained their regular basketball practice. The results show that the experimental group significantly increased their shooting performance on three-point (p<.05) and on free-throw (p<.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in three-point ball release angle (p<.05) and a significant increase in free-throw ball release height (p<.05) were observed in the experimental group, while the control group significantly increased the two-point ball release speed (p<.05). In conclusion, self-shooting basketball practice, in addition to formal practice, significantly improves shooting performance of young basketball players. In contrast, the reduced changes on the analysed kinematic parameters caused by the self-training program are most likely a consequence of the absence of external feedback during training process.  Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de un programa de autoentrenamiento en el rendimiento y cinemática de tiro de jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Catorce jugadores de baloncesto masculinos, de 16.64±0.50 años, divididos en grupo de control (n=7) y grupo experimental (n=7), fueron evaluados en el rendimiento de tiro libre, de dos puntos y de tres puntos y en cuatro parámetros cinemáticos (altura de liberación, ángulo de liberación, velocidad de liberación y variabilidad de la trayectoria), antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento de cinco semanas. Durante el período de cinco semanas, el grupo experimental realizó un programa de entrenamiento de tiro que incluía 600 tiros por semana. Ambos grupos mantuvieron su práctica regular de baloncesto. Los resultados muestran que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente su rendimiento en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y en el tiro libre (p<.05). Además, se observó, en el grupo experimental, una disminución significativa del ángulo de liberación en el tiro de tres puntos (p<.05) y un aumento significativo de la altura de liberación en el tiro libre (p<.05), mientras que el grupo de control aumentó significativamente la velocidad de liberación en el tiro de dos pontos (p<.05). En conclusión, la autopráctica de tiro en baloncesto, además de la práctica formal, mejora significativamente el rendimiento de tiro de los jugadores jóvenes. Por el contrario, los cambios reducidos en los parámetros cinemáticos analizados son probablemente una consecuencia de la ausencia de corrección externa durante el proceso de autoentrenamiento.

Managing pressure at the free-throw line: Perceptions of elite basketball players

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Maher ◽  
Daryl Marchant ◽  
Tony Morris ◽  
Fatemeh Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw

scholarly journals Effect of caffeine ingestion on free-throw performance in college basketball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Zhi S. Tan ◽  
Stephen F. Burns ◽  
Jing W. Pan ◽  
Pui W. Kong
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
College Basketball

Effects of a shoot training programme with a reduced hoop diameter rim on free-throw performance and kinematics in young basketball players

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riadh Khlifa ◽  
Ridha Aouadi ◽  
Roy Shephard ◽  
Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly ◽  
Souhail Hermassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw

scholarly journals Effects of Upper-Limb, Lower-Limb, and Full-Body Compression Garments on Full Body Kinematics and Free-Throw Accuracy in Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3504
Author(s):  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Tony Lin-Wei Chen ◽  
Qitao Tan ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Head Flexion ◽  
Movement Mechanics ◽  
Body Joints ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Full Body

Compression garments can enhance performance and promote recovery in athletes. Different body coverage with compression garments may impose distinct effects on kinematic movement mechanics and thus basketball free-throw accuracy. The objective of this study was to examine basketball free-throw shooting accuracy, consistency and the range of motion of body joints while wearing upper-, lower- and full-body compression garments. Twenty male basketball players performed five blocks of 20 basketball free-throw shooting trials in each of the following five compression garment conditions: control-pre, top, bottom, full (top + bottom) and control-post. All conditions were randomized except pre- and post-control (the first and last conditions). Range of motion of was acquired by multiple inertial measurement units. Free-throw accuracy and the coefficient of variation were also analyzed. Players wearing upper-body or full-body compression garments had significantly improved accuracy by 4.2% and 5.9%, respectively (p < 0.05), but this difference was not observed with shooting consistency. Smaller range of motion of head flexion and trunk lateral bending (p < 0.05) was found in the upper- and full-body conditions compared to the control-pre condition. These findings suggest that an improvement in shooting accuracy could be achieved by constraining the range of motion through the use of upper-body and full-body compression garments.

The Effects of Centering on the Free-Throw Shooting Performance of Young Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Haddad ◽  
Patsy Tremayne
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Sydney Australia

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a centering breath on the free throw shooting percentage of young athletes age 10–11 years. A convenience sample was used involving young representative basketball players (juniors who were trialed, selected, and identified as the most talented basketball players in their age group). They consisted of 2 females and 3 males (M = 10 years and 7 months, SD = 6months), from a basketball stadium located in Sydney, Australia. The participants trained at least twice a week and played representative games against other metropolitan associations on the weekends. A single subject multiple-baseline design was used, and through the use of visual inspection the centering breath was shown to be a useful tool for improving all participants’ performance to varying degrees. The findings indicate that it may be advantageous to explore the effectiveness of centering or other psychological skills in a variety of sport skills (closed versus open), and for children of different age groups.

The Effects of Goal-Setting and Imagery Training Programs on the Free-Throw Performance of Female Collegiate Basketball Players

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart S. Lerner ◽  
Andrew C. Ostrow ◽  
Michael T. Yura ◽  
Edward F. Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Intervention Goal ◽  
Collegiate Basketball

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of goal-setting and imagery programs, as well as a combined goal-setting and imagery training program, on the free-throw performance among female collegiate basketball players over the course of an entire season. A multiple-baseline, single-subject A-B-A design was employed in which participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (a) goal-setting (n = 4), (b) imagery (n = 4), or (c) goal-setting and imagery (n = 4). Free-throw data were collected during practice sessions. Data were examined by way of changes in mean, level, trend, latency, and variability between baseline and intervention, and then between intervention and a second baseline phase. Three participants in the goal-setting program, and one participant in the goal-setting and imagery program, increased their mean free-throw performance from baseline to intervention. However, three participants in the imagery program decreased their mean free-throw performance from baseline to intervention. Goal discrepancy scores also were investigated. A positive correlation was found between participants’ free-throw performance and personal goals.

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